Geomorfologiâ i paleogeografiâGeomorfologiâ i paleogeografiâГеоморфология и палеогеография2949-17892949-1797The Russian Academy of Sciences68929710.31857/S2949178925020118GQLSPSRESEARCH METHODSМЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙResearch ArticleDigital images analysis of macroscopic charcoal particles from lake and peat sediments for palaeogeographic reconstructionМетод анализа макроскопических частиц угля в озерных и болотных отложениях по цифровому изображению для палеогеографических реконструкцийShatunovA. E.ШатуновА. Е.
Russian Federation
toxavilli@yandex.ruMazeiN. G.МазейН. Г.
Russian Federation
natashamazei@mail.ruNovenkoE. Yu.НовенкоЕ. Ю.
Russian Federation
lenanov@mail.ruInstitute of Geography, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут географии РАНLomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of GeographyМосковский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова, географический факультет150620255623413541408202514082025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/2949-1789/article/view/689297

The analysis of macroscopic charcoal particles in sediments of different genesis is one of the most common approaches to reconstruct the past fire regimes. The method requires a great deal of time and effort on the part of the researcher. It implies continuous sampling of the sediment core and counting of all charcoal particles with linear dimensions greater than 125 µm in a sample of fixed volume. The purpose of this paper is to present an automatic method that we have developed for the calculation of macroscopic charcoal particles using image analysis. This method is easily reproducible, not technologically demanding, and fast. It allows us to obtain additional palaeoecological information based on the study of geometric characteristics and particle area. A comparison of the results obtained by a standard manual count of the charcoal particles in the test samples and the number of particles determined from the image showed that the method was accurate enough for palaeogeographic reconstructions: Spearman correlation coefficient R = 0.85, R2 = 0.71, MAPE = 31.58% (the mean absolute percentage error), determined particle area comparison revealed R = 0.99, R2 = 0.98, MAPE = 21.45%. The results of macroscopic charcoal analysis of the peat core from Pobochnoye peatland (Buzuluksky Bor National Park, Orenburg region) are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the developed method. One thousand samples collected from 10 m of peat sediments accumulated over 11.4 ka years were analyzed, and 6,000 images were processed. The results of the analysis include determined charcoal accumulation rates, fire episodes and inter-fire intervals, as well as classification of charcoal particles into grass and wood morphotypes. The variation in charcoal particle size was also estimated for each fire episode, providing additional palaeoecological information about Holocene fires.

Анализ макроскопических частиц угля в отложениях различного генезиса – один из наиболее распространенных подходов к реконструкции пожарных режимов в прошлом. Метод отличается большими затратами времени и труда исследователей, поскольку требует непрерывного отбора образцов из разреза и подсчета всех угольных частиц с линейными размерами более 125 мкм в образце фиксированного объема. В статье представлен разработанный нами автоматический метод подсчета макроскопических частиц угля с использованием анализа изображений, который легко воспроизводим, не требователен к технике, быстр, позволяет получить дополнительную палеоэкологическую информацию на основании изучения геометрических характеристик и площади частиц. Сравнение результатов, полученных путем стандартного ручного подсчета количества угольных частиц в тестовых образцах и определения количества частиц по изображению показало точность метода, достаточную для палеогеографических реконструкций: коэффициент корреляции Спирмена R = 0.85, R2 = 0.71, MAPE = 31.58% (средняя абсолютная ошибка, выраженная в процентах), сравнение определения площади частиц выявило R = 0.99, R2 = 0.98, MAPE = 21.45%. В качестве демонстрации возможностей разработанного метода в статье представлены результаты его применения по данным изучения болота Побочного (национальный парк “Бузулукский бор”, Оренбургская область). Были проанализированы 1000 образцов для 10 м отложений, накопившихся в течение 11.4 тыс. лет, обработано 6000 изображений. В результате анализа была определена не только скорость аккумуляции частиц угля, выявлены пожарные эпизоды и рассчитан межпожарный интервал, но и выполнена классификация частиц угля по морфотипам на травяной и древесный, а также оценены размеры угольных частиц, поступающих во время пожарных эпизодов, что позволило получить дополнительную палеоэкологическую информацию о пожарах в голоцене.

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