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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">China: society and culture</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">China: society and culture</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Китай: общество и культура</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-3652</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">112066</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/Ch112066</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究文章</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The worldview of Chinese dynasties: cultural continuity and rupture in the reign names of emperors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Мировидение китайских династий: духовная преемственность и разрыв в девизаx правлений императоров</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>The worldview of Chinese dynasties: cultural continuity and rupture in the reign names of emperors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Deopik</surname><given-names>Dega V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деопик</surname><given-names>Дега Витальевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Deopik</surname><given-names>Dega V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Hist.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р ист. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Hist.), Professor</p></bio><email>d.v.deopik@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ganshin</surname><given-names>Bogdan K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ганшин</surname><given-names>Богдан Константинович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ganshin</surname><given-names>Bogdan K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Hist.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р ист. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Hist.), Professor</p></bio><email>bganshin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Asian and African Studies of Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт cтран Азии и Африки Московского государственного университета</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Institute of Asian and African Studies of Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт Китая и современной Азии Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-02-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-10-24"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-12-08"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2022,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/China_SC/article/view/112066">https://journals.eco-vector.com/China_SC/article/view/112066</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper continues the research of the symbolic aspect of Chinese history through study of the reign names (nianhao) of the monarchs. The current part of the research is focused mainly on the question of the cultural continuity of the worldview in different epochs of Chinese state development. This also implicates questioning the consistency of Chinese history and its self-perception over the course of two millennia. The proposed solution of the problem in question consists in classifying reign names into a small set of groups and analyzing the historical change in proportions of these groups. The research shows that, despite the fact, that different regional models of the reign names’ systems arose through the history of China, still the tradition itself retained consistency even in the eras of nomadic conquest. It is also shown, that the discontinuity of the said tradition was caused by no external force, but arose through its own evolution in the deep layers of Chinese culture.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Данная статья является второй частью большого исследования китайской духовной культуры и мировидение, продолжает исследование символической стороны истории Восточной Азии посредством анализа и классификации девизов правлений монархов. В фокусе данного исследования находится вопрос о культурной и мировоззренческой преемственности разных политических эпох китайской государственности, а также о перерывах в этой преемственности, то есть, опосредовано ставится вопрос о целостности истории Китая и его мировосприятия на протяжении почти двух тысяч лет. Этот вопрос решается через составление списка девизов правлений, разбиением девизов на определения и объекты, и рассмотрением изменений пропорций групп, на которые классифицируются девизы правлений (а также объекты и определения, из которых они состоят) основных централизованных государств Восточной Азии. Исследование показывает, что, несмотря на появление региональных вариантов традиции девизов, в общем и целом, она сохраняет преемственность от Хань до Юань. В то же время перерыв традиции происходит не в связи с завоеваниями Восточной Азии степняками и кочевниками, а как следствие ее самостоятельной эволюции внутри китайской культуры.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>本文继续通过分析历朝皇帝年号的意义而研究中国历史的象征方面，企图研究历代历朝的文化和世界观的继承性和连续性，特别注意中国两千年历史一贯性和世界观整体性的问题。这个问题是通过分析中国历史中主要中央集权国家的年号类别比率变化而解决的。研究得出结论显示：虽然年号传统有其区域性变化，总体上自汉朝至元朝保持整体性。年号传统的断裂不源于东亚被游牧民族征服，而是出于年号传统在于中国文化里面的演变。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>East Asia</kwd><kwd>Reing Names</kwd><kwd>sacral</kwd><kwd>political</kwd><kwd>ideology</kwd><kwd>quantitative methods</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>Восточная Азия</kwd><kwd>символы правлений</kwd><kwd>девизы правлений</kwd><kwd>сакральное</kwd><kwd>политическое</kwd><kwd>идеология</kwd><kwd>количественные методы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>中国</kwd><kwd>东亚</kwd><kwd>年号</kwd><kwd>礼仪</kwd><kwd>政治</kwd><kwd>意识</kwd><kwd>数量方法</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deopik DV, Ganshin BK. 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