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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">China: society and culture</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">China: society and culture</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Китай: общество и культура</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-3652</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">321544</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/Ch321544</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究文章</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Political Crisis in the Late Ming dynasty</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Политический кризис в эпоху поздней Мин</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>明朝晚期政治危机</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chursina</surname><given-names>Kseniia O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурсина</surname><given-names>Ксения Олеговна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Chursina</surname><given-names>Kseniia O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>independent researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>независимый исследователь</p></bio><email>kseniach1999@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Independent researcher</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Независимый исследователь</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Independent researcher</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-11-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-01-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-21"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-13"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/China_SC/article/view/321544">https://journals.eco-vector.com/China_SC/article/view/321544</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Ming Empire is one of the greatest states that existed from the 14th to the 17th centuries. However, 1644 was marked by the fall of the empire and the subsequent seizure of the throne by the Manchus. In this regard, the question arises: what caused the centralized state to fall to a group of rebels and the invaders from the north? The purpose of this study is to identify the main opposing parties of the political crisis in the late Ming Dynasty, study the dynamics of their interactions, and reconceptualize the context of its fall, moving away from the ideologically driven narrative of “faithful officials vs the cunning eunuchs” to delineating the real sides and process of the political struggle. The study covers the time frame from 1597 to 1644. By analyzing the two sources of “Ming Shi” (The Official History of the Ming Dynasty) and “Ming Shilu” (Veritable Records of the Ming Dynasty) and their reflected priorities, the political process during this period was studied, thus answering the questions raised in the research.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Минская империя — одно из величайших государств, существовавших в XIV–XVII вв. Однако в 1644 г. империя пала и трон был захвачен маньчжурами. Возникает вопрос: что стало причиной того, что могучее централизованное государство было разрушено действиями мятежников, а потом и внешним врагом? В данной статье предпринята попытка ответить на этот вопрос. Причины падения рассматриваются автором через призму внутриполитической борьбы с целью выделить главные противоборствующие стороны политического кризиса в эпоху поздней Мин, проанализировать динамику их взаимодействия. Иными словами, перейти от рассмотрения традиционного для имперской историографии сюжета о борьбе верных трону чиновников с коррумпированными евнухами к исследованию исторического процесса борьбы основных политических субъектов в период с ١٥٩٧ по ١٦٤٤ г. Изучение политического процесса рассматриваемого периода на основе анализа и перевода частей источника «Мин ши» («Нормативная история [эпохи] Мин), также в исследовании изучаются приоритеты упоминаний коллективных субъектов исторического процесса в другом памятнике, Мин шилу («Правдивые записи [эпохи] Мин»). В общем и целом, использование этих двух источников позволило решить вопросы, поставленные в исследовании.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>明朝是14至17世纪最伟大的国家之一。然而，1644年的标志是帝国的灭亡，随后满人夺取了王位。在这方面，问题来了：是什么导致中央集权国家落入一个由反叛分子和北方人民组成的无组织团体手中？本研究的目的是确定晚明政治危机的主要对立党派，研究它们之间的互动动态，并回答是什么导致了明朝的衰落的问题。这项研究涵盖了从1597年到1644年的时间范围。通过分析《明史》和《明实录》两个来源及其反映的先后次序，对这一时期的政治过程进行了研究，从而回答了研究中提出的问题。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ming Dynasty</kwd><kwd>politics</kwd><kwd>groups</kwd><kwd>the Donglin faction</kwd><kwd>civil officials</kwd><kwd>military officials</kwd><kwd>rebels</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>империя Мин</kwd><kwd>политика</kwd><kwd>группировки</kwd><kwd>Дунлинь</kwd><kwd>гражданские чиновники</kwd><kwd>военные</kwd><kwd>мятежники</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>明朝</kwd><kwd>政治</kwd><kwd>团体</kwd><kwd>东林派</kwd><kwd>文官</kwd><kwd>武官</kwd><kwd>叛军</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simonovskaya LV. 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