<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">China: society and culture</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">China: society and culture</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Китай: общество и культура</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-3652</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">569232</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/Ch569232</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创研究文章</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Coal crisis in China: development, mechanism, causes and possible consequences</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Угольный кризис в КНР: проявления, механизм, причины и возможные последствия</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>中国煤炭危机：发展、机制、原因及可能后果</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5396-3386</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6417-9986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tseluyko</surname><given-names>Maxim S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Целуйко</surname><given-names>Максим Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Tseluyko</surname><given-names>Maxim S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior lecturer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель</p></bio><email>atharvan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow State University, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт стран Азии и Африки МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow State University, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-11-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-01-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-09-11"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-09-27"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/China_SC/article/view/569232">https://journals.eco-vector.com/China_SC/article/view/569232</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article analyzes the dynamics of coal prices and systemic changes in the coal market in the PRC, revealing the internal Chinese mechanism of the coal crisis that broke out in the PRC in 2020. The data studied and the conclusions obtained in the article refute the widely held view in expert circles, according to which the cause of the coal crisis in China was the rejection of Australian coal. The study was carried out by analyzing a data array on the dynamics of changes in the price of coal for different types of coal and for different regions and provinces of China. In particular, the article is based on data on the dynamics of coal prices in Shaanxi and Hubei.</p> <p>The results of this research provide useful insight into both the nature of the coal crisis and the patterns of the system of formation of coal prices in the PRC, partially touching on the issue of the integrity of the Chinese coal market. The statistical data referring to the coal prices is viewed through the prism of the concept of a “multi-track” pricing system put forward by M. V. Karpov and, in general, confirms fruitfulness and significance of his theory. Also, the article, based on data from the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, shows the commercial practical significance of the findings and the importance of having up-to-date information data on dynamics of coal prices in China.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье анализируются динамика цен и системные изменения на угольном рынке КНР, раскрывается внутрикитайский механизм угольного кризиса, разразившегося в стране в 2020 г. Исследуемые данные и полученные выводы опровергают широко распространенное в экспертных кругах мнение, согласно которому причиной угольного кризиса в КНР являлся отказ от закупок австралийского угля.</p> <p>Исследование опирается на данные по динамике изменений цен по различным типам угля и по разным регионам и провинциям Китая, в частности в Шэньси и Хубэе. Выводы статьи касаются как характера угольного кризиса, так и закономерностей системы образования цен на уголь в КНР, частично затрагивая и вопрос о целостности китайского рынка угля. Статистические данные, в том числе по ценам, рассматриваются через призму концепции многоколейной системы ценообразования, выдвинутой М.В. Карповым, в целом подтверждая ее продуктивность и значимость. Также в статье на основании данных Гонконгской биржи показывается коммерческая практическая значимость полученных выводов и важность владения актуальными сведениями и информацией по изменению цен на уголь в КНР.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>在这篇文章中，我们分析了中国煤炭市场的价格动态和系统变化，揭示了2020年中国煤炭危机的内部机制。文章所研究的数据和得出的结论否定了在专家界广泛流传的观点，即中国煤炭危机的原因是对澳大利亚煤炭的拒绝。本研究基于对中国各地不同类型煤炭价格变动的数据集进行分析。其中，我们关注了陕西省和湖北省的煤炭价格动态。本研究的结果为了解煤炭危机的性质和中国煤炭价格形成体系的模式提供了有用的见解，部分涉及中国煤炭市场的完整性问题。本文勇M. V. Karpov提出的“多轨”价格形成体系概念的角度来分析煤炭价格的统计数据。结果总体上证实了他的理论是有根据的，也是有意义的。此外，该文章基于香港交易所的数据，展示了研究结果的商业实际意义以及掌握中国煤炭价格动态的最新信息数据的重要性。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>PRC</kwd><kwd>economics</kwd><kwd>coal</kwd><kwd>crisis</kwd><kwd>prices</kwd><kwd>multi-track pricing system</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>КНР</kwd><kwd>экономика</kwd><kwd>уголь</kwd><kwd>кризис</kwd><kwd>цены</kwd><kwd>многоколейная система ценообразования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>中国</kwd><kwd>经济</kwd><kwd>煤炭</kwd><kwd>危机</kwd><kwd>价格</kwd><kwd>多轨经济</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meidan M, Andrews-Speed Ph. China’s power crisis: Long-term goals meet short-term realities. OIES energy comment. The Oxford Institute for energy studies. Nov. 2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meidan M., Andrews-Speed Ph. China’s power crisis: Long-term goals meet short-term realities: OIES energy comment. The Oxford Institute for energy studies. 2021. 12 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Meidan M, Andrews-Speed Ph. China’s power crisis: Long-term goals meet short-term realities. OIES energy comment. The Oxford Institute for energy studies. Nov. 2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Myllyvirta L. Energy policymaking at ‘China speed’: responses to the coal crisis. Oxford Energy Forum. 2022;131:4–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Myllyvirta L. Energy policymaking at ‘China speed’: responses to the coal crisis // Oxford Energy Forum. March 2022. Issue 131. P. 4–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Myllyvirta L. Energy policymaking at ‘China speed’: responses to the coal crisis. Oxford Energy Forum. 2022;131:4–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guowuyuan du cha jiang dianjia you hui zhengce luodi： yixie difang duo ji zhuan gongceng ceng jia jia 、 xubiao yong dian liang 、 dache luan shou fei. Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhongyang renmin zhengfu [The State Council supervises the implementation of preferential electricity price reduction policies: some places have multi-level transfers of supply and increased prices, falsely marked electricity consumption, and arbitrary charges for rides / Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China]. Available from: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-10/22/content_5553433.htm (In Chinese)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">国务院督查降电价优惠政策落地：一些地方多级转供层层加价、虚标用电量、搭车乱收费 / 中华人民共和国中央人民政府 [Госсовет контролирует реализацию льготной политики по снижению цен на электроэнергию: в некоторых местах действуют многоуровневые посреднические схемы для повышения цен, фиктивные показатели потребления электроэнергии, произвольное взимание платы за проезд / Центральное народное правительство КНР]. Доступ по ссылке: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-10/22/content_5553433.htm</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Guowuyuan du cha jiang dianjia you hui zhengce luodi： yixie difang duo ji zhuan gongceng ceng jia jia 、 xubiao yong dian liang 、 dache luan shou fei. Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhongyang renmin zhengfu [The State Council supervises the implementation of preferential electricity price reduction policies: some places have multi-level transfers of supply and increased prices, falsely marked electricity consumption, and arbitrary charges for rides / Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China]. Available from: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-10/22/content_5553433.htm (In Chinese)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">China’s power supply is struggling as winter temperatures plunge. Is the ban on Australian coal to blame? ABC News. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-12-18/china-electricity-power-shortage-hunan-zhejiang-australia-coal/12993418</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">China›s power supply is struggling as winter temperatures plunge. Is the ban on Australian coal to blame? ABC News. Доступ по ссылке: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-12-18/china-electricity-power-shortage-hunan-zhejiang-australia-coal/12993418</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">China’s power supply is struggling as winter temperatures plunge. Is the ban on Australian coal to blame? ABC News. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-12-18/china-electricity-power-shortage-hunan-zhejiang-australia-coal/12993418</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">China Bans Australian Coal Imports as Political Relations Sour. Bloomberg. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-12/china-bans-australian-coal-imports-as-political-relations-sour</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">China Bans Australian Coal Imports as Political Relations Sour. Bloomberg. Доступ по ссылке: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-12/china-bans-australian-coal-imports-as-political-relations-sour</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">China Bans Australian Coal Imports as Political Relations Sour. Bloomberg. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-12/china-bans-australian-coal-imports-as-political-relations-sour</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">China Starts Second Australian Wine Probe as Tensions Mount. Bloomberg. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-08-31/china-hits-australian-wine-with-second-probe-as-tensions-mount</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">China Starts Second Australian Wine Probe as Tensions Mount. Bloomberg. Доступ по ссылке: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-08-31/china-hits-australian-wine-with-second-probe-as-tensions-mount</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">China Starts Second Australian Wine Probe as Tensions Mount. Bloomberg. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-08-31/china-hits-australian-wine-with-second-probe-as-tensions-mount</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shanxi shengyu linshi nengyuanju： zhuanbian guannian zhaozhun zhengjie qianghua guanli bu duan zhulao mei kuanggao zhiliang fazhan anquan jichu. Guojia kuangshan anquan jianchaju [Energy Bureau of Yulin City, Shaanxi Province: Change concepts, identify the key problem, strengthen management, and continuously build a solid foundation for high-quality development and safety of coal mines / National Mine Safety Supervision Bureau]. Available from: https://www.chinamine-safety.gov.cn/xw/zt/mjjzt2020/yggfjzzf/jyzf/2019nqgmkaqjgjczfgzzthjycl/202004/t20200409_348232.shtml (In Chinese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">陕西省榆林市能源局：转变观念 找准症结 强化管理 不断筑牢煤矿高质量发展安全基础 / 国家矿山安全监察局. [Энергетическое бюро г. Юйлинь, пров. Шэньси: изменить концепции, точно определить ключевые факторы, улучшить мэнеджмент и постоянно создавать прочную основу для качественного развития и безопасности угольных шахт / Государственное бюро по надзору за горной безопасностью]. Доступ по ссылке: https://www.chinamine-safety.gov.cn/xw/zt/mjjzt2020/yggfjzzf/jyzf/2019nqgmkaqjgjczfgzzthjycl/202004/t20200409_348232.shtml</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Shanxi shengyu linshi nengyuanju： zhuanbian guannian zhaozhun zhengjie qianghua guanli bu duan zhulao mei kuanggao zhiliang fazhan anquan jichu. Guojia kuangshan anquan jianchaju [Energy Bureau of Yulin City, Shaanxi Province: Change concepts, identify the key problem, strengthen management, and continuously build a solid foundation for high-quality development and safety of coal mines / National Mine Safety Supervision Bureau]. Available from: https://www.chinamine-safety.gov.cn/xw/zt/mjjzt2020/yggfjzzf/jyzf/2019nqgmkaqjgjczfgzzthjycl/202004/t20200409_348232.shtml (In Chinese).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">China’s coal hub Shanxi continues to slash overcapacity, close mines. XINHUANET. Available from: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-07/23/c_139235091.htm</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">China’s coal hub Shanxi continues to slash overcapacity, close mines. XINHUANET. Доступ по ссылке: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-07/23/c_139235091.htm</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">China’s coal hub Shanxi continues to slash overcapacity, close mines. XINHUANET. Available from: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-07/23/c_139235091.htm</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Two border crossings have stopped the passage of non-container goods from Russia to China. Vedomosti. 30.11.2021. Available from: https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/articles/2021/11/30/898356-dva-pogranperehoda (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Два погранперехода остановили пропуск неконтейнерных грузов из России в Китай // Ведомости. 30.11.2021. Доступ по ссылке: https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/articles/2021/11/30/898356-dva-pogranperehoda</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Two border crossings have stopped the passage of non-container goods from Russia to China. Vedomosti. 30.11.2021. Available from: https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/articles/2021/11/30/898356-dva-pogranperehoda (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpov MV. Vicious circle of the “Chinese miracle”. Market reforms in the PRC and the Problem of Adaptive Capacities of Chinese Leninist One-Party State. Moscow; St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya, 2014. 292 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карпов М.В. Замкнутый круг «китайского чуда». Рыночные преобразования и проблема реформируемости партийного государства ленинского типа в Китайской Народной Республике. М.; СПб.: Нестор-История, 2014. 292 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Karpov MV. Vicious circle of the “Chinese miracle”. Market reforms in the PRC and the Problem of Adaptive Capacities of Chinese Leninist One-Party State. Moscow; St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya, 2014. 292 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Zhongxiang. Energy price reform in China. In: Garnaut R, Ligang Song, Cai Fang, eds. China’s 40 Years of Reform and Development: 1978–2018. Australian National University Press, 2018. P:509–524. DOI: 10.22459/CYRD.07.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Zhongxiang. Energy Price Reform in China. In: China’s 40 Years of Reform and Development: 1978–2018 / Ed. Ross Garnaut, Ligang Song, Cai Fang. Australian National University Press, 2018. P. 509–524. DOI: 10.22459/CYRD.07.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Zhang Zhongxiang. Energy price reform in China. In: Garnaut R, Ligang Song, Cai Fang, eds. China’s 40 Years of Reform and Development: 1978–2018. Australian National University Press, 2018. P:509–524. DOI: 10.22459/CYRD.07.2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
