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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">China: society and culture</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">China: society and culture</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Китай: общество и культура</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-3652</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-1398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">81799</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/Ch81799</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>文章</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Reign Symbols as a Source on Chinese History (Part 1)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Символы правления как источник при изучении истории Китая (Часть 1)</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>君主年号作为研究中国历史的来源（第一部分)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Deopik</surname><given-names>Dega V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деопик</surname><given-names>Дега Витальевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Deopik</surname><given-names>Dega V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Hist.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р ист. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>d.v.deopik@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ganshin</surname><given-names>Bogdan K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ганшин</surname><given-names>Богдан Константинович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ganshin</surname><given-names>Bogdan K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bganshin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Synology Center of Dmitry Pozharsky University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Синологический центр Университета Дмитрия Пожарского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Synology Center of Dmitry Pozharsky University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2021-10-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-06-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-10-04"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-10-04"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Deopik D.V., Ganshin B.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Деопик Д.В., Ганшин Б.К.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2022, Deopik D., Ganshin B.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Deopik D.V., Ganshin B.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Деопик Д.В., Ганшин Б.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Deopik D., Ganshin B.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/China_SC/article/view/81799">https://journals.eco-vector.com/China_SC/article/view/81799</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper focuses on exploring the symbolical side of the China’s emperors’ reign names as the highest sacral generalizations. Reign symbol is pair of characters, which defines a reign of a monarch (or a part of the reign). The first character is a so-called “Attribute”, second is an “Object”. This paper raises the question whether the historical dynamics of these symbols’ change reflects the real changes of socio-political processes. This question is resolved through methods of quantitative analysis of the entire assembly of the reign names of all the centralized empires in the history of East Asia. Methodologically taking these symbols (reign names) as a system, as one hypertext, we categorized their meaning into groups (semantic categories). By studying the dynamics of these groups’ proportional change through the epochs of various Chinese empires, we came to the conclusion, that the symbolic dynamic of reign names reflects the change the properties of political ideology, changes in the religious politics, and political institutions. Reign names’ symbols can be used as a historical source on those topics.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Cтатья посвящена исследованию символов правлений китайских монархов как высших сакрализованных обобщений. Символом правления или части правления монарха является пара иероглифов, первый из которых является Определением к Объекту, второй — самим Объектом. Авторы ставят вопрос: отражает ли история символов правлений действительную динамику социально-политических исторических процессов? Для его решения используется количественный анализ генеральной совокупности символов правлений всех централизованных империй Восточной Азии. Методологически относясь к символам правлений как к системе, авторы выделили среди них основные смысловые (семантические) категории. В результате исследования динамики изменений групп этих категорий от династии к династии в статье сделан вывод, что с помощью символов правлений можно изучать изменения в «сакральной политике» империй и в их политике в целом. Поэтому символы правлений могут использоваться в качестве исторического источника.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>本文致力于研究作中国君主统治年号作为最高级别神圣的总结。君主在位全期或者在位时间一段的年号是一对汉字汉字的上一个是宾语的定语, 下一个是宾语本身。作者提出了一个问题：君主年号的历史是否反映了社会政治历史进程的真实动态？为了解决这个问题，对东亚所有中央集权帝国统治者的年号进行了定量分析。从方法上讲，作者将统治年号视为一种系统, 把它们分为语义范畴。通过研究这些范畴的群体从一个朝代到另一个朝代变化的动态，这篇文章得出的结论是，君主年号可用以研究帝国神圣宗教和精神信仰的政策 及其总体政策的变化。因此，学者可以把包括所有年号的全部系统看作一个超文本，可以看作一个历史文献</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>East Asia</kwd><kwd>Reign Names</kwd><kwd>Sacral</kwd><kwd>political</kwd><kwd>ideology</kwd><kwd>quantitative methods</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>Восточная Азия</kwd><kwd>символы правлений</kwd><kwd>сакральное</kwd><kwd>политическое</kwd><kwd>идеология</kwd><kwd>количественные методы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>中国</kwd><kwd>东亚</kwd><kwd>政权符号</kwd><kwd>神圣的</kwd><kwd>政治的</kwd><kwd>思想</kwd><kwd>定量方法</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Yü-ch’üan. 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