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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical academic journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical academic journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Медицинский академический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1608-4101</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1378</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10914</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/MAJ1827-18</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">THE PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF THE PULMONARY VENOUS HYPERTENSION</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ЛЕГОЧНОЙ ВЕНОЗНОЙ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Evlakhov</surname><given-names>V I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евлахов</surname><given-names>В И</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poyassov</surname><given-names>I Z</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поясов</surname><given-names>И З</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovsyannikov</surname><given-names>V I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овсянников</surname><given-names>В И</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">FSBSI «Institute of Experimental Medicine»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 18, NO2 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 18, №2 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-01-23"><day>23</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Evlakhov V.I., Poyassov I.Z., Ovsyannikov V.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Евлахов В.И., Поясов И.З., Овсянников В.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Evlakhov V.I., Poyassov I.Z., Ovsyannikov V.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Евлахов В.И., Поясов И.З., Овсянников В.И.</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/MAJ/article/view/10914">https://journals.eco-vector.com/MAJ/article/view/10914</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the review regulatory mechanisms of functions of pulmonary venous vessels have been considered as well as the signifi cance of their impairment in the development of the pulmonary hypertension, caused by the left ventricular cardiac failure. One of the trigger mechanisms of the development of the pulmonary hypertension as a result of the elevation of the left atrial and pulmonary venous pressure is the reflectory constriction of the pulmonary arterioles (Kitayev’s reflex). Further, the development of endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary vessels remodeling with the phenomenon of “arterializations” of the pulmonary veins take place. The exact evaluation of the pulmonary vascular resistance value in the clinical practice is a difficult task. This parameter, being integrated, does not allow to evaluate the resistance values of pulmonary arterial and venous vessels in the conditions of pulmonary hypertension and to give exact characteristics of their changes, as a result. The mechanisms of development of the pulmonary venous hypertension could not be explicated using the simplified model of the pulmonary vasoconstriction, because the main features of the pulmonary circulation are the presence of arteriovenous and bronchopulmonary shunts, and pulsatile character of the blood flow. To understand the exact pathogenesis of this pathology the further fundamental investigation not only on the cell level, but also on organ and system levels are needed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре рассмотрены механизмы регуляции функций венозных сосудов легких и роль их нарушений в развитии легочной гипертензии, обусловленной сердечной недостаточностью левого желудочка. Одним из пусковых механизмов развития легочной гипертензии в ответ на повышение давления в левом предсердии и легочных венах является рефлекторное сужение легочных артериол (рефлекс Китаева). В дальнейшем развивается эндотелиальная дисфункция, а также ремоделирование сосудов малого круга с феноменом «артериализации» легочных вен. Точная оценка величины легочного сосудистого сопротивления в клинической практике представляет собой сложную задачу. Этот показатель, являясь интегральным, не позволяет судить о величинах сопротивления артериальных и венозных сосудов легких при легочной гипертензии, и, следовательно, дать точную характеристику их изменений. Механизмы развития легочной венозной гипертензии нельзя объяснить, исходя из упрощенной модели вазоконстрикции, поскольку особенностями кровообращения малого круга являются наличие артериовенозных и бронхопульмональных шунтов и пульсирующий характер кровотока. Для понимания патогенеза указанной патологии необходимо проведение фундаментальных исследований не только на клеточном, но и на органном и системном уровнях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pulmonary veins</kwd><kwd>pulmonary venous hypertension</kwd><kwd>capillary hydrostatic pressure</kwd><kwd>capillary filtration coefficient</kwd><kwd>pulmonary venous return</kwd><kwd>left ventricle failure</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>легочные вены</kwd><kwd>легочная венозная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>капиллярное гидростатическое давление</kwd><kwd>коэффициент капиллярной фильтрации</kwd><kwd>легочный венозный возврат</kwd><kwd>недостаточность левого желудочка</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Berthelot E., Bailly M.T., Hatimi S.E., Robard I., Rezgui H., Bouchachi A., Montani D., Sitbon O., Chemla D., Assayag P. Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease // Arch. Cardiovasc. 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