In the article there are described the history steps of becoming and development of the Institute for Experimental Medicine of the Russian Acad. Med. Sci. The information on outstanding scientists had worked at the Institute in various periods is adduced. The main attention is paid to the priority trends of research activity has been carrying out within the last decade. There are observed the main basic data obtained by institute researchers in the field of molecular biology and genetics, experimental and applied physiology, neuropharmacology, in the field of general and pathological physiology and immunology. There are also discussed the applied investigations as well as the international scientific connections and the principal activity of the institute clinic.