Medical academic journal
type: channel
description: Medical peer-review journal. Publishes quarterly from 2001. Editor-in-Cheif: G.A. Safronov, MD, PhD, Professor Indexation: SCOPUS, RSCI, Google Scholar, Ulrich's Periodicals directory, Crossref, Dimensions. ISSN 1608-4101 (Print) ISSN 2687-1378 (Online)
publisher: Eco-Vector
language: ru-RU
publication name: Medical academic journal
issn: 1608-4101
copyright: Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal exclusive license to first publication. Authors are able to distribute the manuscript and/or the article in accordance with Self-Archiving policy of the journal (see details). The manuscript can be accepted for publication only by decision of the Editor-in-Chief and the Editorial board of the journal in accordance with the Manuscript stelection policy of the journal (see details). Published Article will be distributed in print and electronic version an will be available under subscription with Delayed Open Access or in Immediate Open Access under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The access model depends on the publisher's decision or is determined by a separate Open Access publishing agreement with the authors. An exclusive license for publication granted by authors allows the publisher to use the article in the following ways: Reproduction of the Article or its sections or parts, as well as the metadata of the Article in any languages, in any material form, including on paper and electronic media, as a separate work in the journal and/or databases (local or in the Internet) of the publisher and/or other persons, at the discretion of the publisher; Distribution of the Article or its sections or parts, as well as the metadata of the Article in any languages, on any medium as part of the journal and/or databases of the publisher or other persons, at the discretion of the publisher, or as an independent work around the world whether on Open-Access terms or for a fee without remuneration to the Author; Making the Article or any of its sections or parts, as well as the Article’s metadata in any languages, publicly available in such a way that any person can access the Article from any place, including via the Internet, and at any time of their own choosing; Granting permission/s for the…
items: Epigenetic changes in post-traumatic stress disorder: possibilities and limitations of epigenetic therapy
items: Development of a chimeric hemagglutinin-based live-attenuated influenza vaccine against both lineages of influenza B virus
items: Differentiation of macrophages in the presence of anaphylatoxin C3a: effect on efferocytosis
items: Exosomes facilitate mRNA and siRNA delivery using cationic liposomes 2X3-DOPE to rat heart mesenchymal cells in vitro
items: Markers of halogenating stress and netosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
items: Characteristics of the functional state of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with luminal breast cancer
items: Effect of kisspeptin-10 on sexual activity in male rats after exposure to restraint stress
items: Molecular mechanisms involved in analgesic effects of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin under thermal exposure and electrocutaneous stimulation in rats
items: Changes in the spectrum of extracellular vesicles produced by THP-1 cells during polarization toward M1 or M2 macrophages
items: Comparative analysis of key pathogenic factors of inflammatory bowel disease in in vitro and in vivo models
items: Who are you, professor Petrova?

Epigenetic changes in post-traumatic stress disorder: possibilities and limitations of epigenetic therapy
type: item
description: In recent decades, the steadily increasing pressure of extreme, life-threatening stressors worldwide has significantly contributed to a rise in the prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders. One of the most severe consequences of experiencing psychotraumatic situations is the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. Current therapeutic approaches benefit only a minority of patients and are frequently accompanied by high non-response and relapse rates. In this case, the possible reasons for the lack of therapeutic effectiveness include not only genetic but also epigenetic factors, which may determine individual characteristics of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drugs used. This review outlines epigenetic mechanisms that may underlie interindividual differences in treatment resistance, risk of development, and clinical severity of post-traumatic stress disorder. It summarizes the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, chromatin remodeling, and the three-dimensional genome architecture in post-traumatic and stress-related disorders. Data are presented on the potential use of epigenetic modifications as biomarkers of traumatic stress and as factors responsible for the transmission to offspring of the adverse consequences of psychogenic trauma experienced by the parents. The possibilities and limitations of applying epigenetic therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder are discussed.
creator: Irina O. Suchkova
creator: Eugene L. Patkin
creator: Sergey G. Tsikunov
creator: Genrikh A. Sofronov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2025-07-14
publication date: 2025-07-14
volume: 25
number: 2
starting page: 5
ending page: 32
doi: 10.17816/MAJ632018

Development of a chimeric hemagglutinin-based live-attenuated influenza vaccine against both lineages of influenza B virus
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: The development of a universal influenza vaccine remains a critical goal to enhance protection against diverse influenza virus strains. While vaccines against influenza type A viruses have benefited from the use of chimeric hemagglutinin designs, strategies for influenza type B vaccines still lag. AIM: The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of chimeric vaccine strains to induce humoral immune response targeting conserved antigenic sites of influenza type B virus. METHODS: A chimeric hemagglutinin was engineered by combining the head domain from the B/Brisbane/60/2008 virus (Victoria lineage) with the stalk domain from the B/Phuket/3073/2013 virus (Yamagata lineage). The gene encoding the chimeric hemagglutinin was incorporated into a vaccine virus based on the cold-adapted B/USSR/60/69 master donor virus to produce live-attenuated influenza vaccine. Mice were sequentially vaccinated with the conventional live-attenuated influenza vaccine and then with the recombinant live-attenuated influenza vaccine expressing the chimeric hemagglutinin. Immune responses and cross-protection against both homologous and heterologous influenza type B virus strains were assessed. RESULTS: The engineered chimeric hemagglutinin did not impair the replication or assembly of the vaccine virus. Sequential vaccination induced a robust humoral immune response and provided protection against both homologous and heterologous influenza type B virus strains in the mouse model. CONCLUSION: Live-attenuated influenza type B vaccines expressing chimeric hemagglutinin show promise in broadening protection against influenza type B virus infection. These findings support the development of a universal influenza type B vaccine using a chimeric hemagglutinin design.
creator: Pei-Fong Wong
creator: Ekaterina A. Stepanova
creator: Ekaterina A. Bazhenova
creator: Svetlana A. Donina
creator: Larisa G. Rudenko
creator: Irina N. Isakova-Sivak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2025-06-26
publication date: 2025-06-26
volume: 25
number: 2
starting page: 33
ending page: 46
doi: 10.17816/MAJ636873

Differentiation of macrophages in the presence of anaphylatoxin C3a: effect on efferocytosis
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: Macrophages are unique professional phagocytes involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. This is made possible by their functional plasticity—the ability to acquire different phenotypes. Switching between subtypes during interactions with other immune system components is referred to as polarization. Anaphylatoxin C3a has been shown to influence macrophage polarization. Depending on the polarization state, macrophages exhibit different phagocytic activities. Given the contradictory evidence regarding C3a’s effects on macrophages, determining its impact on phagocytosis in general and on efferocytosis in particular is of special interest. AIM: The work aimed to investigate the effect of anaphylatoxin C3a on efferocytosis by M0 and M2 macrophages. METHODS: The experiments were conducted using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Macrophages were differentiated in the presence of C3a, and M2 polarization was induced with interleukin-4. Efferocytosis was assessed using confocal microscopy, whereas phagocytosis was evaluated via flow cytometry. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure expression of the efferocytosis receptor genes mertk, axl, and tyro3. RESULTS: M2 macrophages demonstrated greater efferocytic capacity compared to M0 macrophages. Anaphylatoxin C3a did not affect the phagocytosis of dead Escherichia coli bacteria but inhibited the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in both unpolarized M0 and alternatively activated M2 macrophages. It was also shown that C3a reduces the expression of the Tyro3 receptor gene in both M0 and M2 macrophages. CONCLUSION: Anaphylatoxin C3a exerts a suppressive effect on efferocytosis, likely through modulation of apoptotic cell recognition processes.
creator: Aleksandra A. Dmitrieva
creator: Anna A. Ivanova
creator: Alexandra V. Burnusuz
creator: Sergey V. Orlov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
volume: 25
number: 2
starting page: 47
ending page: 54
doi: 10.17816/MAJ631340

Exosomes facilitate mRNA and siRNA delivery using cationic liposomes 2X3-DOPE to rat heart mesenchymal cells in vitro
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: The delivery of nucleic acids to mesenchymal stem cells, which are used as model objects in in vitro experiments or as therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine and oncology, is an actively developing area of research. Existing non-viral delivery systems either have low effectiveness or highly toxic to mesenchymal stem cells. Therefore, the development of new carriers has become an urgent priority. AIM: To demonstrate the feasibility of delivering model messenger RNA and small interfering RNA to rat heart mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro using original cationic liposomes 2X3-DOPE (1:3 molar ratio) and to evaluate the influence of exosomes incorporated into hybrid nanoparticles with 2X3-DOPE on the efficiency of RNA delivery. METHODS: Exosomes were isolated using a standard ultracentrifugation technique followed by characterization of the obtained vesicles through Western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and hydrodynamic diameter measurement using dynamic light scattering. Small interfering RNA was chemically synthesized; whereas messenger RNA was obtained by in vitro transcription. Complexes of liposomes or hybrid nanoparticles with RNA were prepared by mixing; the properties of the resulting particles were assessed using dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy. To evaluate the efficiency of RNA delivery to rat heart mesenchymal stem cells derived from both healthy and ischemic myocardium, we used fluorescence microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Complexes of cationic liposomes 2X3-DOPE (1:3 molar ratio) with messenger RNA and 2X3-DOPE modified with DSPE-PEG2000 (0.62 mol%) complexed with small interfering RNA were successfully prepared and characterized. It was demonstrated that 2X3-DOPE is ineffective for messenger RNA delivery to rat cardiac mesenchymal stem cells; whereas hybrid nanoparticles incorporating exosomes based on these liposomes exhibited up to…
creator: Olesya V. Dovbysh
creator: Vera V. Vysochinskaya
creator: Nina V. Gavrilova
creator: Pavel M. Docshin
creator: Ekaterina G. Nikitina
creator: Aleksandr S. Klochev
creator: Ekaterina A. Elpaeva
creator: Olga A. Dobrovolskaya
creator: Elena V. Shmendel
creator: Mikhail A. Maslov
creator: Yana A. Zabrodskaya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
volume: 25
number: 2
starting page: 55
ending page: 67
doi: 10.17816/MAJ641910

Markers of halogenating stress and netosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: Leukocyte myeloperoxidase catalyzes the formation of reactive halogen species, which oxidize and chlorinate biomolecules, thereby contributing to the development of halogenating stress. Myeloperoxidase is a key enzyme in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) during NETosis. There is reason to believe that under hyperglycemic conditions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, halogenating stress and NETosis develop, which contribute to disease progression and complications. AIM: The work aimed to assess the levels of blood markers of halogenating stress (myeloperoxidase, chlorinated albumin) and NETosis (neutrophil extracellular traps) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The study included patients with a previously established diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Myeloperoxidase and chlorinated albumin in plasma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The number of neutrophil extracellular traps was determined using light microscopy on standardized whole-blood smears stained according to Romanowsky. RESULTS: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, blood levels of myeloperoxidase and chlorinated albumin were significantly higher than in the group of healthy volunteers, indicating the development of halogenating stress. At the same time, in the blood of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a significant increase in the concentration of neutrophil extracellular traps was recorded compared to the control group of healthy volunteers, both in the absence of the activator—phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate—and after its addition to the blood, indicating activation of NETosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: The findings support the hypothesis that halogenating stress, caused by an excessive increase in blood myeloperoxidase concentration/activity, accompanies the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and contributes to its progression and complications.
creator: Viktor A. Ivanov
creator: Alexey V. Sokolov
creator: Nikolay P. Gorbunov
creator: Elena V. Mikhalchik
creator: Liliya Yu. Basyreva
creator: Natalia V. Galkina
creator: Anna P. Galkina
creator: Yana B. Khoroshilova
creator: Tatiana A. Rusakova
creator: Sergey A. Gusev
creator: Oleg M. Panasenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2025-06-23
publication date: 2025-06-23
volume: 25
number: 2
starting page: 68
ending page: 75
doi: 10.17816/MAJ642420

Characteristics of the functional state of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with luminal breast cancer
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: Neutrophils are essential in tumor growth, and their functional state can serve as a prognostic biomarker. However, the functional characteristics of peripheral blood neutrophils, such as chemotaxis and predisposition to NETosis, in female patients with luminal breast cancer have not been sufficiently explored. Studying these parameters may provide new insights into the mechanisms of disease progression and response to therapy. AIM: This work aimed to analyze the chemotactic activity of neutrophils and predisposition to NETosis in blood samples of female patients with locally advanced luminal breast cancer undergoing treatment (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) at the Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center. METHODS: The study was conducted on blood samples from six patients with stage 3 luminal B, HER2-negative breast cancer before and 2 months after the start of antitumor therapy. Blood samples from healthy adult volunteers were used as controls. The work was performed using fluorescence microscopy methods for neutrophil chemotaxis with the growth of blood clots and the number of extracellular DNA traps of neutrophils by reaction with Hoechst 33342 and antibodies against myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase in smears of blood plasma rich in leukocytes. RESULTS: Before the start of neoadjuvant therapy, the level of NETosis is significantly increased (30% ± 14% versus 4.6% ± 3.4% in healthy donors), whereas most female patients undergoing therapy experience its reduction (17% ± 17%). The speed of neutrophil movement is increased in some female patients (0.17 ± 0.06 versus 0.113 ± 0.009 μm/s in healthy donors) and goes down during therapy (0.10 ± 0.03 μm/s). At the same time, the number of neutrophils associated with blood clots decreases during therapy (25 ± 18 versus 61 ± 23) even in patients with neutrophilia. CONCLUSION: It has been demonstrated for the first time that in female patients with luminal B, HER2-negative breast cancer, the neutrophil chemota…
creator: Julia Jessica D. Korobkina
creator: Ekaterina-Iva A. Adamanskaya
creator: Natalya I. Polshina
creator: Sofia V. Galkina
creator: Timur I. Kadyrov
creator: Nikolay P. Gorbunov
creator: Alexey V. Sokolov
creator: Lyudmila G. Zhukova
creator: Anastasia N. Sveshnikova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24
volume: 25
number: 2
starting page: 76
ending page: 84
doi: 10.17816/MAJ641688

Effect of kisspeptin-10 on sexual activity in male rats after exposure to restraint stress
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: Sexual dysfunctions are of high social significance, and their steady growth necessitates the search for new pharmacological targets for correction. Mental stress is a trigger of decreased sexual activity. Previously, the effect of predator presentation stress on sexual motivation of male rats was established, which manifested itself in a decrease in exploratory activity toward female rats in estrus. The neuropeptide kisspeptin regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system and is involved in the modulation of sexual behavior. AIM: This works aimed to assess the effect of kisspeptin-10 introduced centrally and peripherally on sexual behavior of rats after restraint stress. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were exposed to restraint stress. To assess sexual behavior, a male rat was placed in a cage with a female rat in estrus. The latency time to approach the female and the number of mounts per female within 3 minutes were recorded. RESULTS: The latency time for approaching female rats in stressed animals increased by 1.3 times (p < 0.01) compared to intact controls. After intranasal introduction of kisspeptin-10, the latency time decreased by 1.4 times compared to the control group (p < 0.05) and by 1.8 times compared to the stressed group without drug introduction (p < 0.001). After a single intraperitoneal introduction of kisspeptin-10, the latency time decreased by 2 times compared to the control group (p < 0.01) and by 2.6 times compared to the stressed group without drug introduction (p < 0.001). After a course of intranasal introduction of kisspeptin-10, the latency time decreased by 2.4 times compared to the control group (p < 0.01) and by 3 times compared to the stressed group without drug introduction (p < 0.001). After a course of intraperitoneal introduction of kisspeptin-10, the latency time decreased by 2 times (p < 0.05) compared to the control group and by 2.4 times compared to the stressed group without drug introduction (p < 0.01). After a …
creator: Vladanka A. Goltz
creator: Andrei A. Lebedev
creator: Evgenii R. Bychkov
creator: Anastasia P. Perova
creator: Sarng S. Pyurveev
creator: Mariya V. Litvinova
creator: Alekber A. Bairamov
creator: Anna G. Pshenichnaya
creator: Vladimir V. Rusanovsky
creator: Artemy R. Islentyev
creator: Alina D. Yezhova
creator: Vera O. Efimova
creator: Lada Yu. Skripchak
creator: Natalia D. Nadbitova
creator: Andrei Y. Yurov
creator: Petr D. Shabanov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
volume: 25
number: 2
starting page: 85
ending page: 93
doi: 10.17816/MAJ630598

Molecular mechanisms involved in analgesic effects of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin under thermal exposure and electrocutaneous stimulation in rats
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: The analgesic properties of arginine vasopressin and its synthetic analogue, 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, are known. However, it is difficult to use neuropeptides in clinical practice due to the possible development of side effects. The study of the molecular mechanisms and effects of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin in the management of various types of pain will allow us to identify new therapeutic targets and determine the conditions for the safe use of the peptide. AIM: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of intranasal 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin administration on pain sensitivity, the content of monoamines and BDNF in the parietal cortex and spinal cord in thermal and electrocutaneous stimulation in rats. METHODS: 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin was administered intranasally in a thermal pain model at 0.002 µg/day (0.01 µg/course) and 2 µg/day (10 µg/course); 0.02 µg/day (0.1 µg/course) and 2 µg/day (10 µg/course) for electrocutaneous stimulation. Serum corticosterone and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the parietal cortex and spinal cord were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and their metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), in the brain were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULT: 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin reduced pain sensitivity regardless of the type of pain and doses administered. The involvement of monoamines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the analgesic effects depended on the type of exposure and dose of the drug. NE and brain-derived neurotrophic factor at the supraspinal and spinal levels, 5-HT at the spinal cord level have been implicated in analgesia in the thermal pain model. During electrocutaneous stimulation, DA and 5-HT contributed to analgesia at the supraspinal level; 5-HT, DA and NE at the s…
creator: Aleksandra A. Nikitina
creator: Svetlana G. Belokoskova
creator: Sergey G. Tsikunov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
volume: 25
number: 2
starting page: 94
ending page: 97
doi: 10.17816/MAJ629965

Changes in the spectrum of extracellular vesicles produced by THP-1 cells during polarization toward M1 or M2 macrophages
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: Macrophages are capable of secreting extracellular vesicles that exert a wide range of biological effects, including modulation of the immune response under pathological conditions. AIM: The work aimed to compare the qualitative and quantitative composition of extracellular vesicles produced by THP-1 cells depending on the concentration and duration of activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and the direction of polarization toward M1 or M2 macrophages. METHODS: THP-1 cells were activated with different concentrations of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (100 and 10 ng/mL). Polarization toward M1 macrophages was induced using IFN-γ and LPS, and toward M2 using IL-4 and IL-13. Cells and their extracellular vesicles were immunophenotyped for CD80, CD64, HLA-DR, CD206, CD209, and CD163. Relative gene expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40, TNFα, CXCL10, CD163, CD206, CCL22, IL-10, FN, and GAPDH were assessed. The size and concentration of extracellular vesicles were measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis. The protein composition of extracellular vesicles was additionally assessed for the presence of tetraspanin receptors (CD9, CD63, CD82, and CD81) and flotillin-1. RESULTS: Activation of cells with high doses of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate followed by polarization toward M1, compared to M2, led to increased expression of CD80, CD209, and CD163. Regardless of the applied activation–polarization protocol, THP-1 cells were distributed into distinct, compact clusters according to the results of discriminant analysis of gene expression levels. Activation was accompanied by a more than 10-fold increase in extracellular vesicle production. High-dose phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate activation followed by M1 polarization resulted in secretion of the highest number of extracellular vesicles (188×108 [185×108; 202.5×108] particles/mL), of larger size (134 ± 6.1 nm), and expressing CD63 and CD82. However, their flotillin-1 content was reduced. C…
creator: Darina B. Sambur
creator: Olga V. Kalinina
creator: Arthur D. Aquino
creator: Polina V. Tirikova
creator: Kseniya D. Zubkova
creator: Irina I. Dreizis
creator: Artem A. Rubinstein
creator: Andrey S. Trulioff
creator: Igor V. Kudriavtsev
creator: Alexey S. Golovkin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
volume: 25
number: 2
starting page: 98
ending page: 111
doi: 10.17816/MAJ639999

Comparative analysis of key pathogenic factors of inflammatory bowel disease in in vitro and in vivo models
type: item
description: BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and increased intestinal barrier permeability. When studying the biological effects of drugs, it is important that experimental models adequately reproduce the key pathogenic factors of the disease. AIM: The work aimed to compare the parameters of intestinal epithelial barrier permeability and inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease models: Caco-2 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharides and mice with a knockout of the mucin 2 gene (Muc2–/–). METHODS: In the in vitro model of inflammatory bowel disease, Caco-2 cells were cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100.0 μg/mL, and its effects on transepithelial electrical resistance, monolayer permeability, expression of the tight junction genes ZO-1 and Claudin-1 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α, as well as IL-8 secretion, were evaluated. In the in vivo model of inflammatory bowel disease, mice with a knockout of the mucin 2 gene (Muc2–/–) were used. Intestinal permeability was determined by plasma fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran concentration after intragastric administration. Histological analysis of colon samples was performed, with evaluation of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 gene expression and IL-1β and IL-10 protein levels. RESULTS: In in vitro experiments on Caco-2 cells, lipopolysaccharide at a concentration of 10 μg/mL reduced transepithelial electrical resistance by 57% and increased monolayer permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran by 38%. At the same time, it increased IL-8 and TNF-α expression 2.8- and 2.3-fold, decreased ZO-1 and Claudin-1 expression by 54% and 53%, and increased IL-8 secretion 27-fold compared with the control. In vivo, intestinal permeability in Muc2–/– mice was 5.8-fold higher; IL-1β and TNF-α expression was 9.9- and 6.8-fold higher; IL-10 expression in Muc2–/– mice was 71% lower; IL-1β content in the colon…
creator: Tatyana S. Sall
creator: Ekaterina A. Litvinova
creator: Elena L. Arzhanova
creator: Tatyana A. Kashina
creator: Irina V. Voronkina
creator: Olga V. Kirik
creator: Stanislav I. Sitkin
creator: Timur Ya. Vakhitov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
volume: 25
number: 2
starting page: 112
ending page: 122
doi: 10.17816/MAJ630556

Who are you, professor Petrova?
type: item
description: The previously unknown facts of the biography of Maria K. Petrova, a student and colleague of academician I.P. Pavlov, are presented. Archival research and analysis of previously inaccessible materials allowed to restore her biography hidden from the public by shedding light on the development of her personality and scientific perspective. Maria spent her early childhood far from St. Petersburg, in a small military garrison in the Caucasus. However, she graduated from high school in the capital of the Russian Empire. The discovered data both shed light on her childhood and youth and provide background information on her parents, spouse, brothers and sisters. This information allows us to reinterpret her decision to get a higher education and practice medicine and reveals the roots of her loyalty to Ivan Pavlov. The article describes Maria Petrova’s character traits, which allowed her to become an outstanding researcher rather than just a mother of a family. Her decision to get a medical degree could not but affect her relationship with her husband, Grigory S. Petrov, from whom she later divorced. Undoubtedly, the new findings will be an impetus for historians of science.
creator: Zoia Yu. Mazing
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
volume: 25
number: 2
starting page: 123
ending page: 128
doi: 10.17816/MAJ66807