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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1683-4100</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-1875</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">626249</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RCF626249</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effectiveness of metformin in combination with intranasal insulin for the treatment of metabolic and hormonal disturbances in adult male rats with metabolic syndrome induced by impaired breastfeeding</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффективность комбинации метформина и интраназального инсулина для коррекции метаболических и гормональных нарушений у взрослых самцов крыс с метаболическим синдромом, вызванным нарушением грудного вскармливания</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6555-9540</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6925-1558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Derkach</surname><given-names>Kira V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деркач</surname><given-names>Кира Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>derkatch_k@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6279-2312</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8347-0332</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivantsov</surname><given-names>Alexander O</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванцов</surname><given-names>Александр Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>shurikiv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7316-2882</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7047-8940</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Basova</surname><given-names>Nataliia E</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басова</surname><given-names>Наталия Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>basovnat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4293-3162</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6335-8311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpakov</surname><given-names>Alexander O</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпаков</surname><given-names>Александр Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук</p></bio><email>alex_shpakov@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-08-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">223-334</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>289</fpage><lpage>300</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-01-30"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-08-16"><day>16</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/626249">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/626249</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Limiting or temporally stopping breastfeeding can lead to the development of metabolic syndrome in adulthood, which requires the development of approaches for its prevention and correction. One such approach is treatment with metformin or intranasal insulin. Since the targets of these agents differ and may complement each other, it has been suggested that their combined use could be effective.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To study the effect of a four-week co-administration of metformin (orally, 120 mg/kg/day) and intranasal insulin (1.2 IU/kg/day) in male rats with metabolic syndrome, induced by breastfeeding disruption on postnatal days 19–21, on their metabolic and hormonal parameters.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The study treatment was compared with monotherapy using the same drugs.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> It was found that adult male rats with disrupted breastfeeding developed obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperleptinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and a reduction in the number of β-cells and the area of pancreatic islets, which are characteristic of metabolic syndrome. Long-term treatment with metformin and its combination with intranasal insulin partially or fully normalized body weight, abdominal fat, and metabolic and hormonal parameters, with the restorative effect of combination treatment on such parameters as body weight, fat mass, glucose tolerance, and blood glycated hemoglobin levels being more pronounced than with metformin alone.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:</bold> The results of the study support the use of a combination of metformin and intranasal insulin to normalize metabolic and hormonal parameters in metabolic syndrome induced by breastfeeding disruption in early days of life.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Ограничение или краткосрочное прекращение грудного вскармливания может приводить к развитию метаболического синдрома во взрослом возрасте, что требует разработки подходов для его предотвращения и коррекции. Одним из них является лечение метформином или интраназально вводимым инсулином. Поскольку мишени этих препаратов различаются и они могут взаимодополнять друг друга, то было высказано предположение об эффективности их комбинированного использования.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — изучение влияния четырехнедельного совместного введения метформина (перорально, в дозе 120 мг/кг × сут) и интраназально вводимого инсулина (в дозе 1,2 МЕ/кг × сут) самцам крыс с метаболическим синдромом, обусловленным прерыванием грудного вскармливания в 19–21-й дни постнатального развития, на их метаболические и гормональные показатели.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Исследование проводили в сравнении с монотерапией теми же препаратами.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Установлено, что у взрослых самцов крыс с нарушением грудного вскармливания развиваются ожирение, дислипидемия и гиперлептинемия, нарушается толерантность к глюкозе, снижаются число β-клеток и площадь панкреатических островков, что характерно для метаболического синдрома. Длительное лечение с помощью метформина и его комбинации с интраназально вводимым инсулином частично или полностью нормализовало массу тела и абдоминального жира, метаболические и гормональные показатели, причем восстанавливающий эффект комбинированной терапии в отношении таких показателей, как масса тела и жировой ткани, толерантность к глюкозе и уровень гликированного гемоглобина в крови, был более выражен, чем таковой монотерапии метформином.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Результаты исследования свидетельствуют в пользу перспективности применения комбинации метформина и интраназально вводимого инсулина для нормализации метаболических и гормональных нарушений при метаболическом синдроме, вызванном дефицитом грудного вскармливания в раннем онтогенезе.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metformin</kwd><kwd>intranasal insulin</kwd><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>hyperleptinemia</kwd><kwd>glucose tolerance</kwd><kwd>breastfeeding</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метформин</kwd><kwd>интраназальный инсулин</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>гиперлептинемия</kwd><kwd>глюкозотолерантность</kwd><kwd>грудное вскармливание</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, agreement No. 075-15-2022-296, for the creation and development of a world-class scientific center Pavlovsk Center “Integrative physio¬logy — medicine, high-tech healthcare and stress resistance technologies”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана Минобрнауки России, соглашение № 075-15-2022-296, на создание и развитие научного центра мирового уровня НЦМУ Павловский центр «Интегративная физиология — медицине, высокотехнологичному здравоохранению и технологиям стрессоустойчивости».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Silva Lima N, de Moura EG, Fonseca Passos MC, et al. 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