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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1683-4100</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-1875</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">631566</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RCF631566</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Impact of social stress in early ontogenesis on food addiction and ghrelin levels in the hypothalamus of rats</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние социального стресса в раннем онтогенезе на проявление пищевой зависимости и содержание грелина в гипоталамусе крыс</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-0425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>Андрей Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>aalebedev-iem@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5155-1484</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8929-8601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Droblenkov</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дробленков</surname><given-names>Андрей Всеволодович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>droblenkov_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-2269</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5915-9767</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pyurveev</surname><given-names>Sarng S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пюрвеев</surname><given-names>Сарнг Саналович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr.purveev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7211-7839</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9987-7041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosyakova</surname><given-names>Galina P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косякова</surname><given-names>Галина Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>galkos1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezverkhiy</surname><given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Безверхий</surname><given-names>Александр Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bezveraa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-8106</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1878-8392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>Viktor A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>Виктор Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>vitya-lebedev-57@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Netesa</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нетеса</surname><given-names>Мария Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>saintula@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1464-1127</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8974-7477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabanov</surname><given-names>Petr D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабанов</surname><given-names>Петр Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>pdshabanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-08-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">223-334</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>309</fpage><lpage>318</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-05-03"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-08-16"><day>16</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/631566">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/631566</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Factors that can trigger episodes of binge (compulsive) eating include psychological and physical stress. Our studies have shown that maternal deprivation in early ontogenesis leads to an increase in elements of gambling addiction in the Iowa Gambling Task test. This raises the question of the role of maternal deprivation in the development of other types of non-chemical addictions, particularly food addiction.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To study the role of ghrelin in the manifestation of food addiction elements in rats subjected to maternal deprivation in early ontogenesis.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> Wistar rats were separated from their mothers for 180 minutes daily from day 2 to day 12 after birth. Male rats aged 90–100 days were used in the experiments. To induce compulsive overeating, the animals were given a high-carbohydrate diet (a mixture based on chocolate paste) for 1 hour every third day for 1.5 months. Fifteen minutes before feeding, the chocolate paste was placed within 5 cm of the rat’s reach with visual contact. After compulsive overeating was established, the number and area of ghrelin-producing neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus were analyzed using immunohistochemistry in intact rats and animals subjected to maternal deprivation stress.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> It was shown that intermittent consumption of the chocolate mixture predicted overeating in rats, independent of weight gain or obesity, as a result of compulsive overeating. In studying the effect of maternal deprivation on chocolate consumption, it was found that the average daily consumption in the maternal deprivation group increased (p &lt; 0.001) compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in standard food consumption between the maternal deprivation and control groups. The number and area of ghrelin-producing neuroendocrine cells in the lateral portion of the medial arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus were reduced in rats after maternal deprivation.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:</bold> It was concluded that early psychogenic stress from maternal deprivation causes a dysregulation of the ghrelin system, contributing to elements of food addiction in rats.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Факторы, которые могут вызывать эпизоды компульсивного (приступообразного) переедания, включают психические и физические стрессы. В наших исследованиях показано, что материнская депривация в раннем онтогенезе вызывает повышение элементов игровой зависимости в тесте Iowa Gambling Task. Возникает вопрос о значении материнской депривации в формировании других видов нехимических зависимостей, в частности, пищевой.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — исследование роли грелина в проявлении элементов пищевой зависимости у крыс, подверженных отлучению от матери в раннем онтогенезе.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Крыс линии Вистар со 2-го по 12-й день после рождения на 180 мин отлучали от матери, в опытах использовали самцов в возрасте 90–100 дней. При выработке компульсивного переедания животные получали в течение 1 ч диету с высоким содержанием углеводов (смесь на основе шоколадной пасты) каждый третий день в течение 1,5 мес. За 15 мин до кормления шоколадную пасту помещали в 5 см досягаемости при визуальном контакте. После выработки пищевого компульсивного переедания исследовали количество, площадь грелин-продуцирующих нейроэндокринных клеток гипоталамуса с помощью метода иммуногистохимии у интактных крыс и животных после стресса материнской депривации.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Показано, что прерывистое потребление шоколадной смеси предсказывает переедание у крыс независимо от увеличения массы тела или ожирения, что является следствием компульсивного (приступообразного) переедания. При изучении влияния материнской депривации на потребление шоколада было показано, что среднее суточное потребление в группе материнской депривации увеличивалось (p &lt; 0,001) относительно контрольной группы. При изучении влияния материнской депривации на потребление стандартного корма было показано, что потребление в группе материнской депривации не изменялось относительно контрольной группы. Число и площадь нейроэндокринных клеток, продуцирующих грелин, в латеральной части медиального аркуатного ядра гипоталамуса снижались у крыс после материнской депривации.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Сделан вывод, что ранний психогенный стресс материнской депривации вызывает дисбаланс системы регуляции грелина с элементами пищевой зависимости у крыс.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>food addiction</kwd><kwd>maternal deprivation</kwd><kwd>ghrelin</kwd><kwd>neuroendocrine cells</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пищевая зависимость</kwd><kwd>материнская депривация</kwd><kwd>грелин</kwd><kwd>нейроэндокринные клетки</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (2022–2025) “Search for molecular targets for pharmacological action in addictive and neuroendocrine disorders and creation of new pharmacologically active substances acting on CNS receptors” (code FGWG‑2022-0004).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России (2022–2025 гг.). «Поиск молекулярных мишеней для фармакологического воздействия при аддиктивных и нейроэндокринных нарушениях и создание новых фармакологически активных веществ, действующих на рецепторы ЦНС» (шифр FGWG‑2022-0004).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fenoglio KA, Brunson KL, Baram TZ. 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