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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1683-4100</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-1875</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">633024</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RCF633024</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Increased survival of aquarium fish under acute hypoxia induced by prior intragastric administration of hydrogen peroxide</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Повышение выживаемости аквариумных рыб в условиях острой гипоксии предварительным введением перекиси водорода в желудок</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fisher</surname><given-names>Evgeny L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фишер</surname><given-names>Евгений Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elfischer@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9829-9463</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1613-9660</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Urakov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ураков</surname><given-names>Александр Ливиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>urakoval@live.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1464-1127</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8974-7477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabanov</surname><given-names>Petr D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабанов</surname><given-names>Петр Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>pdshabanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Izhevsk State Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ижевская государственная медицинская академия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Izhevsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ижевская государственная медицинская академия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-08-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">223-334</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>301</fpage><lpage>308</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-05-30"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-08-16"><day>16</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/633024">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/633024</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>A solution of 3% hydrogen peroxide is an over-the-counter oxygen-releasing antiseptic, which forms oxygen foam when interacting locally with the wound surface. Therefore, this drug is widely used for mechanical cleansing of the surface of chronic wounds from purulent masses. The release of oxygen during catalase cleavage of hydrogen peroxide indicates the possibility of achieving anti-ischemic and anti-hypoxic action.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>A study of the effect of intragastric hydrogen peroxide on the resistance of aquarium fish to acute hypoxia. </p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS: </bold>Experiments were conducted on 80 adult aquarium fish of the guppy, blue neon, tri-linear parsings, swordtail fish and zebrafish (Danio rerio) breeds. To create acute hypoxia, each fish was placed in a transparent plastic container containing 5, 10 or 20 ml of fresh water at a temperature of +25 - +26 °C together with the fish, after which the container was hermetically sealed. Then, the motor activity of the fish's body, the respiratory movements of the gill arches, the opening of the oral cavity, the fluctuations of the fins and the dynamics of their coloration were monitored until the complete final immobilization of the fish and their death. Immediately before the experiment, 0.05 or 0.1 ml of fresh water in the control series and 0.05 ml or 0.1 ml of 0.05% hydrogen peroxide solution in the experimental series were injected into the stomach of the fish. The liquid was injected into the fish's stomach using a gastric mini-probe connected to an insulin syringe.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>It is shown that aquarium fish retain their viability in a small volume of fresh water inside a hermetically sealed container for a limited period of time, since fish continuously consume oxygen dissolved in water, thereby deepening hypoxia. At the same time, after sealing the container, the fish very quickly assume a stationary state, in which they remain for a certain period of time until their death. However, just before death, the immobility of the fish is disturbed. At the same time, the fish suddenly appear convulsive body movements, active movements of pectoral fins, mouths and gill arches, pectoral fins change their color, after which the fish defecate into the water. The results showed that the preliminary injection of 0.05 or 0.1 ml of 0.05% hydrogen peroxide solution into the stomach of fish prolongs the period of immobility of fish in hypoxia by an average of 20%. In all likelihood, the immobile state of fish is part of the complex of their adaptive adjustment to the cessation of oxygen supply to the water and reflects the availability of reserves of adaptation to hypoxia. The fact is that the absence of muscle contractions stops the muscles from using oxygen, which they use to generate energy. It is assumed that inside the stomach, hydrogen peroxide is absorbed into the blood, where, under the action of the enzyme catalase, it is split into water and gaseous oxygen, which replaces oxygen in the gills in the absence of oxygen in the surrounding water.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS: </bold>Under model conditions, it was shown that pre-administration of 0.05 or 0.1 ml of 0.05% hydrogen peroxide solution into the stomach of fish increases their survival in conditions of acute hypoxia. Therefore, hydrogen peroxide can be considered as a potential antihypoxant for prolonging life in various types of suffocation, including the final stage of COVID-19.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Раствор 3% перекиси водорода является безрецептурным кислород-высвобождающим антисептиком, который при местном взаимодействии с раневой поверхностью образует кислородную пену. Поэтому этот препарат широко применяется для механического очищения поверхности хронических ран от гнойных масс. Выделение кислорода при каталазном расщеплении перекиси водорода указывает на возможность достижения противоишемического и антигипоксического действия.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>– изучение влияния внутрижелудочной перекиси водорода на устойчивость аквариумных рыб к острой гипоксии. </p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Эксперименты были проведены на 80 взрослых аквариумных рыбках пород гуппи, голубые неоны, расборы трехлинейые, меченосцы и зебрафиш (Danio rerio). Для создания острой гипоксии каждая рыбка помещалась в пластиковый прозрачный контейнер, содержащий по 5, 10 или 20 мл пресной воды при температуре +25 - +26 °C вместе с рыбкой, после чего контейнер герметично закрывался. Затем осуществлялся мониторинг двигательной активности тела рыб, дыхательных движений жаберных дуг, открывания полости рта, колебаний плавников и динамика их окраски вплоть до полной окончательной иммобилизации рыб и их гибели. Непосредственно перед опытом в желудок рыбы вводили по 0,05 или 0,1 мл пресной воды в контрольной серии и по 0,05 мл или 0,1 мл раствора 0,05% перекиси водорода в опытной серии. Жидкость вводили в желудок рыб с помощью желудочного мини-зонда, соединенного с инсулиновым шприцем.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Показано, что аквариумные рыбки сохраняют свою жизнеспособность в малом объеме пресной воды внутри герметично закрытой емкости на протяжении ограниченного периода времени, поскольку рыбы непрерывно расходуют кислород, растворенный в воде, благодаря чему углубляют гипоксию. При этом после герметизации емкости рыбы очень быстро принимают неподвижное состояние, в котором находятся определенный отрезок времени вплоть до наступления их смерти. Однако, перед самой смертью неподвижность рыб нарушается. При этом у рыбок внезапно появляются судорожные движения тела, активные движения грудных плавников, ртов и жаберных дуг, грудные плавники изменяют свой цвет, после чего рыбы испражняются в воду. Результаты показали, что предварительное введение в желудок рыб по 0,05 или 0,1 мл 0,05% раствора перекиси водорода продлевает период неподвижного состояния рыб в условиях гипоксии в среднем на 20%. По всей вероятности, неподвижное состояние рыб является частью комплекса их адаптационной перестройки к прекращению поступления кислорода в воду и отражает наличие резервов адаптации к гипоксии. Дело в том, что отсутствие сокращений мускулатуры прекращает расходование мышцами кислорода, используемого ими для выработки энергии. Предполагается, что внутри желудка перекись водорода всасывается в кровь, где под действием фермента каталазы расщепляется на воду и газообразный кислород, который заменяет кислород в жабрах при отсутствии кислорода в окружающей воде.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>В модельных условиях показано, что предварительное введение в желудок рыб 0,05 или 0,1 мл раствора 0,05% перекиси водорода увеличивает их выживаемость в условиях острой гипоксии. Поэтому перекись водорода может рассматриваться как потенциальный антигипоксант для продления жизни при различных видах удушья, включая финальную стадию COVID-19. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypoxia</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd><kwd>antihypoxants</kwd><kwd>hydrogen peroxide</kwd><kwd>catalase</kwd><kwd>oxygen</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гипоксия</kwd><kwd>устойчивость</kwd><kwd>антигипоксанты</kwd><kwd>перекись водорода</kwd><kwd>каталаза</kwd><kwd>кислород</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacob M, Chappell D, Becker BF. Regulation of blood flow and vo¬lume exchange across the microcirculation. Crit Care. 2016;20(1):319. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1485-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacob M., Chappell D., Becker B.F. 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