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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1683-4100</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-1875</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">635275</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RCF635275</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">LLDXRD</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modern Russian pharmaceutical drugs for treatment of neurological diseases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные российские лекарственные препараты для лечения нейропатологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2305-4936</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2751-1747</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galitsyna</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галицына</surname><given-names>Елена Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>galitsynaev@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0187-1898</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4361-1951</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulyakina</surname><given-names>Natalya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Улякина</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Pedagogy)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. пед. наук</p></bio><email>ulyakinana@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9063-0601</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4004-6894</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusev</surname><given-names>Alexander B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусев</surname><given-names>Александр Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Economics)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. экон. наук</p></bio><email>gusevab@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Research Institute of Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-10-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-20"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-10-23"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/635275">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/635275</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive loss of specific types of nerve cells, accompanied by atrophy of corresponding regions of the spinal cord or brain, which clinically manifests as severe neurological and cognitive impairments. These diseases can present at any age and may be associated with genetic predisposition, as well as inflammatory and autoimmune processes. Neurodegenerative diseases are a common cause of disability and mortality among affected patients. Thus, the development of new effective domestic drugs for the treatment of neuropathology is a significant objective for the healthcare system of the Russian Federation. The majority of these are biosimilar drugs reproducing pharmacological substances of foreign (donepezil+memantine, ANB-4, GNR-093) and Russian (interferon beta-b) origin. However, original pharmaceutical substances have also been developed. Three of these, ANB-4, divosilimumab, and sampheginterferon beta-a, are classified as next-in-class drugs. This review article analyzes original and biosimilar organic and genetically engineered pharmaceutical drugs developed in Russia for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, which have either been registered in recent years or are currently undergoing clinical trials in the Russian Federation. The development of effective and safe Russian pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of neuropathology may increase the accessibility of therapy for a larger number of patients, significantly improve their health and quality of life, as well as reduce the burden on the healthcare system.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Нейродегенеративные заболевания характеризуются прогрессирующей гибелью определенных типов нервных клеток с сопутствующей атрофией соответствующих отделов спинного или головного мозга, что симптоматически проявляется тяжелыми неврологическими и когнитивными нарушениями. Они могут манифестировать в любом возрасте и быть обусловлены как генетической предрасположенностью, так и воспалительными и аутоиммунными процессами. Заболевания данной группы являются распространенной причиной инвалидизации и летальности страдающих ими пациентов. Таким образом, разработка новых эффективных отечественных препаратов для лечения нейропатологии выступает значимой задачей системы здравоохранения Российской Федерации. В настоящее время зарегистрированы или находятся в процессе разработки несколько активных фармацевтических субстанций, показанных для терапии спинальной мышечной атрофии, болезни Альцгеймера, рассеянного склероза, болезни Паркинсона и других заболеваний. Большее количество из них приходится на долю биоаналоговых лекарственных препаратов, воспроизводящих фармакологические субстанции иностранного (донепезил+мемантин, ANB-4, GNR-093) и отечественного (интерферон бета-b) производства. Однако разработаны и оригинальные фармацевтические субстанции, три из которых являются следующими в классе — ANB-4, дивозилимаб, сампэгинтерферон бета-а. Данная обзорная статья посвящена анализу российских оригинальных и биоаналоговых органических и биотехнологических лекарственных препаратов для терапии нейродегенеративных заболеваний, которые были зарегистрированы в последние годы либо в настоящее время проходят клинические исследования на территории России. Разработка эффективных и безопасных отечественных лекарственных средств для терапии нейропатологии, в том числе в рамках стратегии импортозамещения, может сделать лечение более доступным, значимо улучшить качество жизни, связанное с состоянием здоровья таких пациентов, и снизить нагрузку на систему здравоохранения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurodegenerative diseases</kwd><kwd>spinal muscular atrophy</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer disease</kwd><kwd>Parkinson disease</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>neuromyelitis optica</kwd><kwd>divozilimab</kwd><kwd>teriflunomide</kwd><kwd>ANB-4</kwd><kwd>AVN-101</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейродегенеративные заболевания</kwd><kwd>спинальная мышечная атрофия</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>оптиконевромиелит</kwd><kwd>дивозилимаб</kwd><kwd>терифлуномид</kwd><kwd>ANB-4</kwd><kwd>AVN-101</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study has been supported by the Ministry of Health of Russia, aimed at ensuring the activities of the coordination center for research and development in the field of medical science of the Russian Research Institute of Health within the framework of the implementation of the federal project “Medical Science for Humans”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено при финансовой поддержке Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, направленной на обеспечение деятельности координационного центра исследований и разработок в области медицинской науки ФГБУ «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения» Минздрава России.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Davenport F, Gallacher J, Kourtzi Z, et al. 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