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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1683-4100</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-1875</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">692640</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RCF692640</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR STRUCTURE OF DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER KNOCKOUT RATS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>АНАЛИЗ СТРУКТУРЫ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ КРЫС С НОКАУТОМ ПО ТРАСПОРТЕРУ ДОФАМИНА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-0425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>Andrey</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>Андрей Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Biological), Professor, Head of Laboratory</p> <p>Department of Pharmacology named after S.V. Anichkov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующий лаборатории</p> <p>Отдел фармакологии имени С.В. Аничкова</p></bio><email>aalebedev-iem@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-02-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-09"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/692640">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/692640</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Animals with knockout of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT–KO) reproduce the main symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Changes in DAT function in DAT-KO rats are a key mechanism in various pathological conditions associated with hyperdophaminergia.</p> <p>The aim of this study was to investigate the features of the manifestation of behavior patterns in response to novelty in free behavior in DAT-KO rats compared with heterozygous animals for the knockout gene (DAT-HET) and wild-type (WT) rats</p> <p>Methods. The experiments were conducted on 57 male Wistar rats DAT-KO, DAT-HET and WT. Rats with a knockout of the DAT gene were initially obtained from St. Petersburg State University, the Institute of Translational Biomedicine. Genotyping and behavior research in the open field were carried out. The analysis of behavior patterns was used: locomotion; sniffing; rearing; grooming; movement in place (changing the coordinates of the head and body within a conditional circle, the center of which is the relatively stationary hind limbs of the animal); peering into the hole; stand on the wall (rearing with an emphasis on the wall of an open field).</p> <p>Results. The DAT-KO rats showed marked hyperactivity compared to the WT and DAT-HET rats, they spent less time in the center of the field and moved in a repetitive circular pattern along the walls. The manifestations of investigatory activity in DAT-KO rats decreased in the number of peering into the hole and sniffings compared with WT and DAT-HET rats. The manifestations of anxiety in DAT-KO rats decreased in the number of acts of "grooming" and movements in place. In DAT-HET rats, there was an increase in locomotor and investigatory activity compared with WT.</p> <p>Conclusion. Based on the analysis of their own behavioral data and other studies, it is concluded that behavioral disinhibition is an overlapping feature of the elements of addictive behavior: impulsivity and compulsivity, which require independent study in DAT-KO animals. The presence of hyperdophaminergia, increased locomotions and investigations in DAT-HET rats with simultaneous cognitive impairment can predict addictive behavior disorders under conditions of gene-environment interaction.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность. </bold>Животные с нокаутом гена транпортера дофамина (DАТ–КО) воспроизводят основные симптомы синдрома дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью у детей (СДВГ). Изменения функции DAT у крыс DAT-KO являются ключевым механизмом при различных патологических состояниях, связанных с гипердофаминергией.</p> <p><bold>Целью </bold>настоящего исследования было исследовать особенности проявления паттернов поведения в ответ на новизну в свободном поведении у крыс DAT-KO по сравнению с гетерозиготными животными по нокаутному гену (DAT-HET) и крысами дикого типа (WT).</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Опыты проведены на 57 крысах самцах Вистар DAT-KO, DAT-HET и WT. Крысы с нокаутом гена DAT исходно были получены из Санкт-Петербургского Государственного Университета, Института Трансляционной Биомедицины. Проведены генотипирование и исследование поведения в открытом поле. Использовали анализ паттернов поведения: локомоция; обнюхивание; вертикальная стойка; груминг; движение на месте (изменение координат головы и корпуса в пределах условной окружности, центром которой являются относительно неподвижные задние конечности животного); заглядывание в норку; стойка на стенку (вертикальная стойка с упором на стенку открытого поля).</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Крысы DAT-KO по сравнению с крысами WT и DAT-HET демонстрировали выраженную гиперактивность, они проводили меньше времени в центре поля и двигались по повторяющемуся круговому шаблону вдоль стен. Проявления исследовательской активности у крыс DAT-KO снижались по число актов «заглядывание в норку» и актов «обнюхивание» по сравнению с показателями у крыс WT и DAT-HET. Проявления тревожности у крыс DAT-KO снижались по числу актов «груминг» и движений на месте. У крыс DAT-HET наблюдалось увеличение двигательной и исследовательской активности по сравнению с WT.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>На основе анализа собственных данных поведения и других исследований сделан вывод, что поведенческая расторможенность представляет собой перекрывающуюся черту элементов аддиктивного поведения: импульсивности и компульсивности, которые требуют самостоятельного изучения у животных DAT-KO. Наличие гипердофаминергии, повышенной двигательной и исследовательской активности у крыс DAT-HET при одновременном нарушении когнитивных функций может прогнозировать у них аддиктивные расстройства поведения в условиях ген-средового взаимодействия.<bold> </bold></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>DAT</kwd><kwd>DAT-KO rats</kwd><kwd>dopamine</kwd><kwd>hyperactivity</kwd><kwd>ADHD.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>DAT, крысы DAT-KO, дофамин, гиперактивность, СДВГ.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	Efimova EV, Leo D, Sukhanov I, Illiano P, Mus L, Espinoza S, Sotnikova TD, Hoener MC, Gainetdinov RR. Dopamine transporter knockout rats as a novel model of dopamine-associated disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016;26(S2):S274.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2.	Pramod AB, Foster J, Carvelli L, Henry LK. 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