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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1683-4100</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-1875</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">695956</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RCF695956</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effectiveness of combined preparations of antimicrobial peptides against antibiotic-resistant bacteria</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффективность комбинированных препаратов антимикробных пептидов в отношении антибиотикорезистентных бактерий</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6576-9844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladimirova</surname><given-names>Elizaveta V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владимирова</surname><given-names>Елизавета Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher at the Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Biologically Active Peptides</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н.с. лаборатории дизайна и синтеза биологически активных пептидов</p></bio><email>vladymyrovaliza18@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3352-8197</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3966-6347</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharkova</surname><given-names>Maria S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жаркова</surname><given-names>Мария Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Head of the Laboratory of Anticancer Peptide Drugs of the Department of General Pathology and Pathophysiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, заведующая лабораторией противоопухолевых пептидных препаратов</p></bio><email>manyvel@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9111-0755</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komlev</surname><given-names>Aleksey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комлев</surname><given-names>Алексей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher at the Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Biologically Active Peptides</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н.с. лаборатории дизайна и синтеза биологически активных пептидов</p></bio><email>komlev1420@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5206-6656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharov</surname><given-names>Artemiy E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>Артемий Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>phage1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6986-6072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergoventsev</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серговенцев</surname><given-names>Александр Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заслуженный врач РФ, кандидат медицинских наук, генерал-майор медицинской службы</p></bio><email>3hospital@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5168-2801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamova</surname><given-names>Olga</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамова</surname><given-names>Ольга Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доцент, доктор биологических наук, член-корреспондент РАН, заведующий отделом общей патологии и патологической физиологии</p></bio><email>oshamova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="kk"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="pt"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Main Military Medical Directorate of the Russian Defense Ministry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Главное военно-медицинское управление МО РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экспериментальной медицины, Санкт-Петербург</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-02-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-12"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/695956">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/695956</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND: </italic></bold>Antimicrobial peptides are considered as a promising strategy for the development of combination drugs effective against antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.<bold><italic> AIM:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>study of the possibility of increasing the antibacterial activity of synthetic analogues of natural peptides and expanding its spectrum when used in combination with conventional antibiotics, antiseptics and silver nanoparticles. <bold><italic>METHODS:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>To determine antimicrobial activity, serial dilutions in a liquid nutrient medium containing microorganisms were used, and to assess the nature of the combined effect, serial dilutions using the checkerboard method were used. A hemolysis assay was used to determine the toxicity of the test substances. <bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>The most frequent synergistic effects were identified for combinations of peptides PG-1, ChBac3.4 and PR-39 with NPs-A1, NPs-A2 and poviargol; RC, MC, RFRChBac3.4-1-NH<sub>2</sub> with antibiotics amikacin, gentamicin and erythromycin; PG-1, ChBac3.4 and RFR ChBac3.4(1-14) with antiseptics amidopropyl betaine and chlorhexidine against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Using a hemolysis assay, the safety of the studied combinations was demonstrated at concentrations significantly exceeding the antimicrobial concentrations. <bold><italic>CONCLUSION: </italic></bold>The results confirm the high potential of the combined use of antimicrobial peptides, antibiotics, silver nanoparticles, and antiseptics to enhance antibacterial activity, justifying further development and clinical implementation of drugs based on PG-1 and PR-39, MC and PR-39, RFR Bac 3.4 (1-14) and Bac 5 (20-43) for the treatment of wound infections.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Антимикробные пептиды рассматриваются как перспективная стратегия для разработки комбинированных препаратов, эффективных в отношении антибиотикоустойчивых микроорганизмов. <bold>Цель – </bold>исследование возможности повышения антибактериальной активности синтетических аналогов природных пептидов и расширение ее спектра при совместном применении с конвенциональными антибиотиками, антисептиками и наночастицами серебра. <bold>Методы. </bold>Для определения антимикробной активности использовали метод серийных разведений в жидкой питательной среде, содержащей микроорганизмы, а для оценки характера совместного действия - серийные разведения по методу "шахматной доски". Гемолитический тест применяли для определения токсичности исследуемых веществ. <bold>Результаты. </bold>Выявлены наиболее частые синергетические эффекты для комбинаций пептидов PG-1, ChBac3.4 и PR-39 и НЧС-А1, НЧС-А2 и повиарголом; RC, MC, RFRChBac3.4-1-NH2 с антибиотиками амикацином, гентамицином и эритромицином; PG-1, ChBac3.4 и RFR ChBac3.4(1-14) с антисептиками амидопропилбетаином и хлоргексидином в отношении антибиотикоустойчивых бактерий. С использованием гемолитического теста продемонстрирована безопасность исследуемых комбинаций в концентрациях, существенно превышающих антимикробные. <bold>Заключение.</bold> Данные подтверждают высокую перспективность комбинированного применения антимикробных пептидов, антибиотиков, наночастиц серебра и антисептиков для повышения антибактериальной активности, что обосновывает дальнейшую разработку и клиническое внедрение препаратов на основе PG-1 и PR-39, MC и PR-39, RFR Bac 3.4 (1-14) и Bac 5 (20-43) для лечения раневых инфекций.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Antimicrobial peptides</kwd><kwd>synergism</kwd><kwd>silver nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>antibiotics</kwd><kwd>combined action</kwd><kwd>antiseptics</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Антимикробные пептиды</kwd><kwd>синергизм</kwd><kwd>наночастицы серебра</kwd><kwd>антибиотики</kwd><kwd>совместное действие</kwd><kwd>антисептики</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation within the framework of the state assignment of the Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution "Institute of Experimental Medicine" No. 075-00397-25-00.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки России в рамках государственного задания ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины» № 075-00397-25-00.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Jenssen H, Hamill P, Hancock RE. 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