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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1683-4100</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-1875</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">696857</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RCF696857</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">LALNUQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Melatonin in the physiology and pathology of transparent structures and media of the eye (cornea, lens, and intraocular fluid)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Мелатонин в физиологии и патологии прозрачных структур и сред глаза (роговица, хрусталик, внутриглазная жидкость)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7325-8027</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1598-9971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovanesov</surname><given-names>Karen B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ованесов</surname><given-names>Карэн Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>ovanesov2007@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-5977</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6860-8990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glushakov</surname><given-names>Ruslan I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глушаков</surname><given-names>Руслан Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>glushakoffruslan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3776-3735</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7529-2400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Badakshanov</surname><given-names>Artur R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бадакшанов</surname><given-names>Артур Рамилевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Pharmacy)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. фарм. наук</p></bio><email>mepharm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7524-3578</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3105-4787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dergilev</surname><given-names>Matvey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дергилев</surname><given-names>Матвей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Lokkup34@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-3562</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4402-4144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bartosh-Zeleny</surname><given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бартош-Зеленый</surname><given-names>Александр Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alexbartoshz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7806-9364</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9480-2672</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsurtsumiya</surname><given-names>Daredzhan B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цурцумия</surname><given-names>Дареджан Бичикоевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>dasha.tsurtsumiya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Almazov National Medical Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-06-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-24"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-05-14"><day>14</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-06-30"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/696857">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/696857</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The organ of vision is the most important means of understanding the external world. Up to 90% of all afferent information enters the brain through this analyzer. The eye, along with other sensory organs, functions as a device for perceiving signals that are subsequently transmitted to the brain. The visual system consists of a peripheral component — the eyeball with its light-perceiving apparatus, the optic nerve, and central components — the lateral geniculate body and the visual cortex. Naturally, the normal functioning of the components of this system ensures a number of biologically important effects, adequate perception of the environment, and a high quality of life. The condition of the transparent structures and media of the eye (cornea, lens, and intraocular fluid) is of great importance for the functioning of the visual apparatus, since the light stream is conducted through them to the retina. These structures are primarily exposed to adverse environmental factors (toxic agents, ultraviolet radiation, etc.), which results in the development of pathological conditions that cause disturbances in light conduction. Both surgical and conservative treatment methods are used to correct them, but these methods are not always successful. The indole compound melatonin has recently been considered one of the alternative and effective treatments for ophthalmic pathology and has been attracting the attention of specialists in various fields of medicine for more than 60 years since its discovery. This is because melatonin has a wide range of valuable pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunotropic effects, as well as the ability to influence the functioning of the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal tract, and exert a number of other effects. Melatonin is produced in the pineal gland and enters peripheral tissues via the bloodstream, where it exerts its properties. However, indole synthesis also occurs in peripheral tissues, where this extraepiphyseal melatonin exhibits its effects. Melatonin is intensively synthesized in various structures of the eye, especially in the retina, where a full set of enzymes is present for the synthesis of indole and for specific melatonin receptors. Such information has led to the use of melatonin in the treatment of various ophthalmic pathologies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Орган зрения является важнейшим орудием познания внешнего мира. До 90% всей афферентной информации поступает в мозг именно через этот анализатор. Глаз, наряду с другими органами чувств, функционирует как прибор для восприятия сигналов, которые впоследствии передаются в мозг. Зрительная система состоит из периферического звена — глазного яблока с его световоспринимающим аппаратом, зрительного нерва и центральных звеньев (латерального коленчатого тела и зрительной коры). Естественно, что нормальная работа входящих в эту систему компонентов обеспечивает целый ряд биологически важных эффектов, адекватное восприятие окружающего и высокое качество жизни. Большое значение для работы зрительного аппарата имеет состояние прозрачных структур и сред глаза (роговица, хрусталик и внутриглазная жидкость), поскольку через них проводится световой поток к сетчатке. Они в первую очередь и подвергаются воздействию неблагоприятных факторов внешней среды (токсические агенты, ультрафиолетовое излучение и др.), что приводит к развитию патологических состояний, которые влекут за собой нарушения в проведении света. Для их коррекции используются как хирургические, так и консервативные методы лечения, которые не всегда успешны. В качестве одного из альтернативных и эффективных средств терапии офтальмологической патологии в последнее время рассматривается индольное соединение мелатонин, который на протяжении уже более 60 лет, с момента его открытия, привлекает к себе внимание специалистов разных областей медицины. Это объясняется наличием у мелатонина широкого набора ценных фармакологических свойств, среди которых противовоспалительное, антиоксидантное, иммунотропное действие, а также способность влиять на работу сердечно-сосудистой системы, органов желудочно-кишечного тракта и ряд других эффектов. Мелатонин вырабатывается в шишковидной железе (эпифизе) и поступает с током крови в периферические ткани, реализуя там свои свойства. Однако синтез индола осуществляется и на периферии, где этот внеэпифизарный мелатонин проявляет свои эффекты. Мелатонин интенсивно синтезируется в различных структурах глаза, особенно в сетчатке, где есть полный набор ферментов, участвующих в синтезе индола и специфических мелатониновых рецепторов. Такие сведения обусловили применение индола в терапии различной офтальмологической патологии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>melatonin</kwd><kwd>cornea</kwd><kwd>lens</kwd><kwd>cataract</kwd><kwd>intraocular pressure</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор литературы</kwd><kwd>мелатонин</kwd><kwd>роговица</kwd><kwd>хрусталик</kwd><kwd>катаракта</kwd><kwd>внутриглазное давление</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Arushanyan EB, Beyer EV. Melatonin: biology, pharmacology, clinic. Stavropol: Stavropol State Medical University; 2015. 393 p. 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