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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1683-4100</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-1875</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">703015</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RCF703015</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HZINQS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical pharmacology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая фармакология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prescribing practices for initial antimicrobial therapy in complicated urinary tract infections: an investigator-initiated study in the Bryansk Region</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Структура назначений в рамках выбора стартовой антимикробной терапии осложнённых инфекций мочевыводящих путей: результаты инициативного исследования, проведённого в Брянской области</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4114-7150</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3566-8048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuleshov</surname><given-names>Aleksei A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулешов</surname><given-names>Алексей Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr.kuleshov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6894-2462</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7006-6887</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilov</surname><given-names>Andrey I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилов</surname><given-names>Андрей Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>dr.DanAndr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7296-8502</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9095-8712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Evseev</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евсеев</surname><given-names>Андрей Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>hypoxia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4592-1309</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4979-6695</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>Ivan V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>Иван Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>epiphonebydgibson@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Smolensk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Смоленский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>205</fpage><lpage>210</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-19"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-05-15"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-06-30"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/703015">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/703015</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Over the past decades, many countries have experienced a significant increase in antimicrobial resistance among pathogens. This greatly complicates the selection of optimal antimicrobial therapy (AMT) regimens, which are important for treating individual patients and for the functioning of the healthcare system as a whole. In this context, one possible tool for rationalizing AMT is conducting prospective epidemiological studies to monitor antimicrobial resistance.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To study actual prescribing practices for antimicrobial therapy in complicated urinary tract infections in the Bryansk region.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> This prospective study analyzes data collected through patient interviews, medical record review, and the regional medical information system for patients who received outpatient or inpatient care at Bryansk Regional Hospital No. 1 from 2022 to 2025. The study included 147 cases of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) in 133 patients.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> According to previous studies, combination AMT regimens have demonstrated the greatest efficacy in cUTI. In complicated infections, particularly hospital-acquired infections or those with previous AMT exposure, the efficacy of fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins as monotherapy declines sharply. The most frequently prescribed initial therapy for cUTI included parenteral third-generation cephalosporins (44.2%), third-generation aminoglycosides (29.9%), fluoroquinolones (22.4%), carbapenems (14.9%), and beta-lactamase inhibitor-protected aminopenicillins (13.6%). In immunocompromised patients, cUTI are often caused by rare and atypical pathogens, particularly gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, it is recommended that these patients receive AMT regimens that include drugs with the broadest possible spectrum of activity.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> When selecting AMT, age-related functional and morphological changes of the urinary system should be considered. A promising direction is the development of algorithms for switching from parenteral to enteral administration of antimicrobial agents in patients with cUTI, which would improve long-term outcomes by shortening hospital stay and reducing the risk of catheter-associated infections. In regions with a high prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <italic>E. coli </italic>strains (&gt; 10%), initial empirical therapy with aminoglycosides or carbapenems is recommended until susceptibility data to other antimicrobial agents are available.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> На протяжении последних десятилетий во многих странах мира наблюдается значительный рост резистентности возбудителей к антимикробным препаратам. Это существенно осложняет выбор оптимальных режимов антимикробной терапии, важных для излечения отдельного пациента и для функционирования системы здравоохранения в целом. В связи с этим одним из возможных инструментов, позволяющим рационализировать антимикробную терапию, является проведение проспективных эпидемиологических исследований с целью мониторинга состояния антимикробной резистентности.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Изучить реальную практику назначения антимикробной терапии при осложнённых инфекциях мочевыводящих путей в Брянской области.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проспективное исследование представляет собой анализ данных, полученных при опросе пациентов, изучении медицинской документации и региональной медицинской информационной системы, получавших амбулаторное или стационарное лечение в ГАУЗ «Брянская областная больница № 1» в 2022–2025 гг. В исследование включено 147 случаев осложнённых инфекций мочевыводящих путей (оИМП) у 133 пациентов.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Согласно данным ранее проведённых исследований, наибольшую эффективность при оИМП продемонстрировало применение комбинированных схем антимикробной терапии. В ситуации осложнённой инфекции, особенно госпитальной или связанной с предшествующей антимикробной терапией, эффективность фторхинолонов и цефалоспоринов III поколения в режиме монотерапии резко падает. Наиболее часто в качестве стартовой терапии при оИМП назначали парентеральные цефалоспорины III поколения (44,2%) и аминогликозиды III поколения (29,9%), фторхинолоны (22,4%), карбапенемы (14,9%), ингибиторозащищённые аминопенициллины (13,6%). У иммунокомпрометированных пациентов оИМП часто обусловлены редкими и нехарактерными возбудителями, в частности грамположительными бактериями. В связи с этим данным пациентам рекомендуется применение схем антимикробной терапии, включающих препараты с максимально широким спектром действия.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В ходе выбора антимикробной терапии следует учитывать возрастные функциональные и морфологические изменения мочевыделительной системы. Перспективным направлением является разработка алгоритмов перехода с парентерального на энтеральный путь введения антимикробных препаратов у пациентов с оИМП, что будет способствовать улучшению отдалённых исходов за счёт сокращения сроков госпитализации и снижения риска развития катетер-ассоциированных инфекций. В регионах с высоким уровнем распространения фторхинолон-резистентных и продуцирующих бета-лактамазы расширенного спектра действия штаммов <italic>Escherichia coli </italic>(&gt; 10%) рекомендуется начальная эмпирическая терапия аминогликозидами или карбапенемами до получения данных бактериологического исследования о чувствительности к другим антимикробным препаратам.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>complicated urinary tract infections</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>осложнённые инфекции мочевыводящих путей</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>антимикробная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kozlov RS, Palagin IS, Ivanchik NV, et al. 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