Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug TherapyReviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug TherapyОбзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной терапии1683-41002542-1875Eco-Vector7730210.17816/RCF192145-174ReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticleBiological role of miRNA-146a at virus infections. Modern strategy of search of new safe pharmacological agents for treatmentБиологическая роль микроРНК-146a при вирусных инфекциях. Современная стратегия поиска новых безопасных фармакологических средств леченияhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1464-11278974-7477ShabanovPetr D.ШабановПетр Дмитриевич
Russian Federation

Dr. Med. Sci. (Pharmacology), Professor

доктор медицинских наук, профессор

pdshabanov@mail.ruVashchenkoVladimir I.ВащенкоВладимир Иванович
Russian Federation

Dr. Biol. Sci.

доктор биологических наук

vaschenko@yandex.ruKirov Military-Medical AcademyВоенно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова090820211921451740308202103082021Copyright ©; 2021, Shabanov P.D., Vashchenko V.I.Copyright ©; 2021, Шабанов П.Д., Ващенко В.И.2021Shabanov P.D., Vashchenko V.I.Шабанов П.Д., Ващенко В.И.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/77302

Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified as a key player in the posttranscriptional regulation of cellular-genes regulatory pathways. Here, we review the current knowledge on the interaction between RNA viruses and cellular miRNAs. We also discuss how cell and tissue-specific expression of miRNAs can directly affect viral pathogenesis. They also emerged as a significant regulator of the immune response. In particular, miR-146a acts as an importance modulator of function and differentiation cells of the innate and adaptive immunity. It has been associated with disorder including cancer and viral infections. Given its significance in the regulation of key cellular processes, it is not surprising which virus infection have found ways to dysregulation of miRNAs. miR-146a has been identified in exosomes (exosomal miR-146a). After the exosomes release from donor cells, they are taken up by the recipient cell and probably the exosomal miR-146a is able to modulate the antiviral response in the recipient cell and result in making them more susceptible to virus infection. In this review, we discuss recent reports regarding miR-146a expression levels, target genes, function, and contributing role in the pathogenesis of the viral infection and provide a clue to develop the new preventive and therapeutic strategies for medical treatment viral disease, and СOVID-19.

Клеточные микроРНК (miRNA) были идентифицированы как ключевые игроки в посттранскрипционной регуляции клеточных генов. Кроме того, oни также являются важным регулятором иммунного ответа. В частности, микроРНК-146a действует как важный модулятор функции и дифференцировки клеток врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета. Она связана с различными болезнями, включая рак и вирусные инфекции. Учитывая ее значение в регуляции ключевых клеточных процессов, показано, что вирусы в процессе эволюции нашли пути к нарушению регуляции микроРНК. МикроРНК-146a была идентифицирована в экзосомах (exosomal miR-146a). После высвобождения экзосом из донорских клеток они поглощаются клеткой-реципиентом, и, вероятно, экзосомальные микроРНК-146a способны модулировать противовирусный ответ в клетке-реципиенте, в результате делает эти клетки более восприимчивыми к вирусной инфекции. В этой обзорной статье мы обсуждаем современные данные об уровнях экспрессии микроРНК-146a, генах-мишенях, функциях и роли микроРНК в патогенезе вирусных инфекций, а также перспективы по разработке новых профилактических и терапевтических стратегий для лечения пациентов с вирусными заболеваниями, включая СOVID-19.

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