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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обзоры по клинической фармакологии и лекарственной терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1683-4100</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-1875</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">77313</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RCF192203-210</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Reactive changes of gastric mucosa and reduction of desacyl grelin in rat brain due to psychoemotional stress</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Реактивные изменения слизистой оболочки желудка и снижение содержания дезацилгрелина в мозге крыс, обусловленные психоэмоциональным стрессом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Raptanova</surname><given-names>Vladislava A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раптанова</surname><given-names>Владислава Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>vladislavaraptanova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5155-1484</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8929-8601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Droblenkov</surname><given-names>Andrei V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дробленков</surname><given-names>Андрей Всеволодович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>droblenkov_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-0425</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4998-5204</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>Andrei A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>Андрей Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, профессор</p></bio><email>aalebedev-iem@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4858-6170</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2382-8246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobkov</surname><given-names>Pavel S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобков</surname><given-names>Павел Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>bobkov_pl@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6553-9267</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8673-7417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khokhlov</surname><given-names>Platon P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохлов</surname><given-names>Платон Платонович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biochemistry)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук</p></bio><email>platonkh@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8710-9580</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9971-3496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Thyssen</surname><given-names>Ilia Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тиссен</surname><given-names>Илья Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук</p></bio><email>iljatis@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lisovskiy</surname><given-names>Anatoliy D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лисовский</surname><given-names>Анатолий Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>lisovskiy.t@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bychkov</surname><given-names>Eugeny R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бычков</surname><given-names>Евгений Рудольфович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>bychkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1464-1127</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8974-7477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabanov</surname><given-names>Petr D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабанов</surname><given-names>Петр Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>pdshabanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Medicо-Social Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский медико-социальный институт</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-08-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>203</fpage><lpage>210</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-08-03"><day>03</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-08-03"><day>03</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Raptanova V.A., Droblenkov A.V., Lebedev A.A., Bobkov P.S., Khokhlov P.P., Thyssen I.Y., Lisovskiy A.D., Bychkov E.R., Shabanov P.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Раптанова В.А., Дробленков А.В., Лебедев А.А., Бобков П.С., Хохлов П.П., Тиссен И.Ю., Лисовский А.Д., Бычков Е.Р., Шабанов П.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Raptanova V.A., Droblenkov A.V., Lebedev A.A., Bobkov P.S., Khokhlov P.P., Thyssen I.Y., Lisovskiy A.D., Bychkov E.R., Shabanov P.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Раптанова В.А., Дробленков А.В., Лебедев А.А., Бобков П.С., Хохлов П.П., Тиссен И.Ю., Лисовский А.Д., Бычков Е.Р., Шабанов П.Д.</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/77313">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RCF/article/view/77313</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>BACKGROUND: </italic>The work is devoted to the analysis of the elements the reactivity of grelin system in the model of psychogenic stress. In recent years, it has been shown that the ghrelin brain system is not limited only to the regulation of energy balance and eating behavior. Along with other peptide regulatory systems, it plays an important role in the mechanisms of stress, reward and addiction. Therefore, the elements of this system should be considered primarily as molecular targets of pharmacological action in order to correct the states of addiction and post-stress disorders.</p> <p><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS: </italic>To produce psychoemotional stress, we used an acute single traumatic situation in male Wistar rats. The animals were placed in the tiger python, one animal died as a result of its nutritional needs, the rest of the rats experienced the death of a partner. One week after exposure to python, the animals were decapitated, and the brain structures were isolated. Aliquots of the brain structures suspensions were examined for the content of desacyl ghrelin (DAG) using a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In another group, rats were decapitated on the 4th day after exposure to python, stomachs were removed, which were fixed in 10% formalin solution. In horizontal paraffin sections of the gastric mucosa, after staining with hematoxylin and eosin, the heights of superficial and dimple mucous cells, the height of the dimple stroma, the area of superficial, dimple mucocytes and stroma of the dimples, and the number of dead mucocytes were calculated. To clarify the differentiation of epithelial cells, they were stained with alcian blue</p> <p><italic>RESULTS:</italic> DAG was detected in all studied brain structures: amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. The highest concentration of DAG was noted in the hypothalamus (<italic>p </italic>&lt; 0.05), which may serve as an indirect confirmation of the data on the presence of ghrelin-containing neurons in the nuclei of the hypothalamus. After exposure to stress, a sharp decrease in the level of DAG was observed in all studied brain structures (8–12 times, <italic>p </italic>&lt; 0.01): amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. It has been established that the experience of the stress of the death of a partner is expressed by erosive inflammation of the gastric mucosa, the death of many mucous cells, and an increase in mucus production in viable epithelial cells.</p> <p><italic>CONCLUSION</italic><italic>:</italic> Psychoemotional stress completely suppresses the content of desacyl ghrelin of the brain in rats, which may be based on both a disturbance of the central mechanisms of limbic regulation and a violation of peripheral mechanisms, in particular, reactive changes in the gastric mucosa.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Введение.</italic> Работа посвящена анализу показателей реактивности грелиновой системы в модели психогенного стресса. В последние годы показано, что значение грелиновой системы головного мозга не ограничивается только регуляцией энергетического баланса и пищевого поведения. Наряду с другими пептидными регуляторными системами она играет важную роль в механизмах стресса, подкрепления и зависимости. Поэтому элементы данной системы целесообразно рассматривать, прежде всего, как молекулярные мишени фармакологического воздействия с целью коррекции состояний зависимости и постстрессорных расстройств.</p> <p><italic>Материалы и методы. </italic>Для моделирования психоэмоционального стресса применяли острую однократную психотравмирующую ситуацию у самцов крыс Вистар. Животных помещали к тигровому питону, одно животное погибало в результате его пищевых потребностей, остальные крысы переживали ситуацию гибели партнера. Через 4 сут после экспозиции с питоном животных декапитировали, выделяли структуры головного мозга. Суспензии гомогенатов структур головного мозга исследовали на содержание дезацилгрелина (ДАГ) с помощью высокочувствительного твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА). В другой группе крыс декапитировали на 4-е сутки после экспозиции с питоном, извлекали желудки, которые фиксировали в 10 % растворе формалина. В горизонтальных парафиновых срезах слизистой оболочки желудка после окрашивания гематоксилином и эозином подсчитывали высоту поверхностных и ямочных слизистых клеток, высоту ямочной стромы, площади поверхностных, ямочных мукоцитов и стромы ямок, а также число погибших мукоцитов. Для уточнения дифференцировки эпителиальных клеток производили их окрашивание альциановым синим.</p> <p><italic>Результаты.</italic> ДАГ выявляли во всех исследованных структурах мозга: миндалине, гиппокампе и гипоталамусе. Наибольшую концентрацию ДАГ отмечали в гипоталамусе (<italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,05), что может служить косвенным подтверждением данных о присутствии в ядрах гипоталамуса грелинсодержащих нейронов. После стрессорного воздействия наблюдали резкое снижение уровня ДАГ во всех исследуемых структурах мозга (в 8–12 раз, <italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,01): миндалине, гиппокампе и гипоталамусе. Установлено, что переживание стресса гибели партнера выражается эрозивным воспалением слизистой оболочки желудка, гибелью многих слизистых клеток, а также усилением в жизнеспособных эпителиальных клетках продукции слизи.</p> <p><italic>Заключение. </italic>Психоэмоциональный стресс вызывает снижение содержания ДАГ головного мозга у крыс, в основе которого могут лежать как нарушение центральных механизмов лимбико-диэнцефального происхождения, так и нарушение периферических механизмов, в частности, реактивных изменений в слизистой оболочке желудка.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stress</kwd><kwd>desacyl grelin</kwd><kwd>gastric mucosa</kwd><kwd>reactive changes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стресс</kwd><kwd>дезацилгрелин</kwd><kwd>слизистая оболочка желудка</kwd><kwd>реактивные изменения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsikunov SG, Pshenichnaya AG, Klyueva NN, et al. 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