Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug TherapyReviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy1683-41002542-1875Eco-Vector916310.17816/RCF16237-41Research ArticleAsymmetry of reinforcing properties of the lateral hypothalamus in the self-stimulation testEfimovNikolay S.<p>Postgraduate student, S.V. Anichkov Department of Neuropharmacology</p>bychkov@mail.ruBessolovaYulia N.<p>Postgraduate student, S.V. Anichkov Department of Neuropharmacology</p>bychkov@mail.ruKarpovaInessa V.<p>PhD (Physiology), Senior Researcher, S.V. Anichkov Department of Neuropharmacology</p>inessa.karpova@gmail.comLebedevAndrei A.<p>Dr. Biol. Sci. (Pharmacology), Leading Researcher, S.V. Anichkov Department of Neuropharmacology</p>aalebedev-iem@rambler.ruShabanovPetr D.<p>Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head, S.V. Anichkov Department of Neuropharmacology</p>pdshabanov@mail.ruInstitute of Experimental Medicine15072018162374131072018Copyright © 2018, Efimov N.S., Bessolova Y.N., Karpova I.V., Lebedev A.A., Shabanov P.D.2018<p>In the protocols of modern pharmacological studies of a self-stimulation reaction in rodents, stimulating electrodes are implanted as a rule unilaterally. The reinforcing properties of the left and right hypothalamus were suggested to be identical.</p>
<p><strong>The aim of the study</strong> was to clear up if the possibilities of the left and right hypothalamus to produce self-stimulation are similar or not.</p>
<p><strong>Methods</strong>. The study was carried out on adult male Wistar rats. The electrodes were implanted into the lateral hypothalamus bilaterally. The rats, in which an approach reaction was observed, learned self-stimulation in the Skinner box with stimulation of the left or right hypothalamus as a reinforcing agent descending thresholds of stimulation up to minimal one.</p>
<p><strong>Results</strong>. Self-stimulation of the left hypothalamus gave an approach reaction in the majority of rats (81.8%), self-stimulation reaction was developed in 72.7% of rats. Only 46.2% rats reacted on stimulation of the right hypothalamus, self-stimulation reaction was developed in 30.8% of rats. The thresholds of positive and negative reactions registered after electrical stimulation of both sides of hypothalamus were significantly differed (H(3, N = 31) = 14,92; p = 0,002). And these changes were not connected with lateralization but with sign of reaction: in general the thresholds of approach reaction were higher than thresholds of avoidance.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion</strong>. In the paper, the fact of different possibility of approach reaction and self-stimulation development as a result of electrical stimulation of the left and right hypothalamus in rats has been described. After stimulation of the left hypothalamus, a possibility to receive positive reaction and to form self-stimulation on its basis is higher than after stimulation of the right hypothalamus.</p>self-stimulationlateral hypothalamusbrain asymmetryсамостимуляциялатеральный гипоталамусасимметрия головного мозга[Волков И.В., Александров В.И., Павлова И.В. Сопоставление эффективности раздражения правого и левого латерального гипоталамуса при реакции самостимуляции // Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова. - 2000. - Т. 50. - № 1. - С. 133-136. [Volkov IV, Aleksandrov VI, Pavlova IV. Comparison of the efficiency of the right and left lateral hypothalamic stimulation under the self-stimulation conditions. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 2000;50(1):133-136. (In Russ.)]][Дробленков А.В. Краткий микроскопический атлас ядерных и корковых центров мезокортиколимбической и некоторых других дофаминергических систем головного мозга крысы / Под ред. Н.Р. Карелиной. - СПб.: СПбГПМА, 2006. [Droblenkov AV. Kratkiy mikroskopicheskiy atlas yadernykh i korkovykh tsentrov mezokortikolimbicheskoy i nekotorykh drugikh dofaminergicheskikh sistem golovnogo mozga krysy. Ed by N.R. Karelina. Saint Petersburg: SPbGPMA; 2006. (In Russ.)]][Лебедев А.А., Шабанов П.Д. Сопоставление реакции самостимуляции и условного предпочтения места при введении фенамина у крыс // Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова. - 1992. - Т. 42. - № 4. - С. 692-698. [Lebedev AA, Shabanov PD. Sopostavlenie reaktsii samostimulyatsii i uslovnogo predpochteniya mesta pri vvedenii fenamina u krys. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 1992;42(4):692-698. (In Russ.)]][Михеев В.В., Шабанов П.Д. Фармакологическая асимметрия мозга. - СПб.: Элби-СПб, 2007. [Mikheev VV, Shabanov PD. Farmakologicheskaya asimmetriya mozga. Saint Petersburg: Elbi-SPb; 2007. (In Russ.)]][Barbano MF, Wang HL, Morales M, Wise RA. Feeding and Reward Are Differentially Induced by Activating GABAergic Lateral Hypothalamic Projections to VTA. J Neurosci. 2016;36(10):2975-2985. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3799-15.2016.][Fish EW, Robinson JE, Krouse MC, et al. Intracranial self-stimulation in FAST and SLOW mice: effects of alcohol and cocaine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012;220(4):719-30. doi: 10.1007/s00213-011-2523-x.][König KP, Klippel AA. A stereotaxic atlas of the forebrain and lower parts of the brain stem. Baltimore; 1963.][Lazenka MF, Legakis LP, Negus SS. Opposing effects of dopamine D1- and D2-like agonists on intracranial self-stimulation in male rats. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016;24(3):193-205. doi: 10.1037/pha0000067.][Negus SS, Miller LL. Intracranial self-stimulation to evaluate abuse potential of drugs. Pharmacol Rev. 2014;66(3):869-917. doi: 10.1124/pr.112.007419.][Olds J. A preliminary mapping of electrical reinforcing effects in the rat brain. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1956;49(3):281-285. doi: 10.1037/h0041287.][Ranck JB. Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system: A review. Brain Res. 1975;98(3):417-440. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(75) 90364-9.]