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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Family Doctor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Family Doctor</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский семейный врач</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-1668</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2331</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">115270</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RFD115270</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальное исследование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of the clinical course, complications and causes of mortality at the onset of the primary necrotizing systemic vasculitis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ особенностей клинического течения, осложнений и причин летальности в дебюте первичных некротизирующих системных васкулитов</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-5683</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57189099891</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5771-8320</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chudinov</surname><given-names>Anton L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чудинов</surname><given-names>Антон Леонидович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>anton-chudinov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7981-6349</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3136-9062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaeva</surname><given-names>Irina B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>Ирина Борисовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>belib@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0797-2051</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">16936315400</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">J-9643-2014</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6823-5482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazurov</surname><given-names>Vadim I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазуров</surname><given-names>Вадим Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the RAS, Honoured Science Worker</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, засл. деят. науки РФ</p></bio><email>rectorat@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9126-3639</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8841-5496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Inamova</surname><given-names>Oksana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Инамова</surname><given-names>Оксана Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>b25@zdrav.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Rheumatology Hospital No. 25, Saint Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клиническая ревматологическая больница № 25, Санкт-Петербург</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Rheumatology Hospital No. 25, Saint Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клиническая ревматологическая больница № 25, Санкт-Петербург</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-02-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-11"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-02-22"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-04-10"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RFD/article/view/115270">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RFD/article/view/115270</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> Primary necrotizing systemic vasculitis is a significant problem of practical healthcare due to a severe progressive clinical course and a high risk of complications, including life-threatening damage.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> To evaluate the features of the clinical course of primary necrotizing systemic vasculitis during the first 3 years of the disease.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> The study included 232 patients with primary necrotizing systemic vasculitis, who were hospitalized in Saint Petersburg clinics from 2010 to 2018. The features of the clinical course, complications, causes of mortality during the first 3 years of the disease were assessed.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> The cohort of patients with рrimary necrotizing systemic vasculitis consisted of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (<italic>n</italic> = 94), microscopic polyangiitis (<italic>n</italic> = 46), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (<italic>n</italic> = 69), polyarteritis nodosa (<italic>n</italic> = 23). The highest values of the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score index were noted among patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis (21.4 and 21.5 points, respectively). Patients with microscopic polyangiitis were significantly more likely to develop chronic kidney disease (C3a–C5 stages) compared to other primary necrotizing systemic vasculitis (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). We established that the average value of the Vasculitis Damage Index after 36 months of the disease was highest in the group of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (4.7 points) and significantly exceeded the corresponding indicator at the same period of the disease in the group of patients with microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, polyarteritis nodosa (3.8, 2.7 and 3.1 points, respectively).</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSIONS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> The most unfavorable prognosis among primary necrotizing systemic vasculitis during the first 3 years of the disease was noted in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis, which is reflected in the high level of the Vasculitis Damage Index that shows the number of irreversible organ lesions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Первичные некротизирующие системные васкулиты являются значимой проблемой практического здравоохранения в связи с тяжелым прогрессирующим течением и высоким риском развития осложнений, в том числе жизнеугрожающих.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель исследования</italic></bold> — оценить особенности клинического течения первичных некротизирующих системных васкулитов в течение первых 3 лет заболевания.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> В исследование включены 232 пациента с первичными некротизирующими системными васкулитами, находившиеся на стационарном лечении в клиниках Санкт-Петербурга в период с 2010 по 2018 г. Оценены особенности клинического течения, осложнения, причины летальности в течение первых 3 лет заболевания.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Когорту больных первичными некротизирующими системными васкулитами составляли пациенты с гранулематозом с полиангиитом (<italic>n</italic> = 94), микроскопическим полиангиитом (<italic>n</italic> = 46), эозинофильным гранулематозом с полиангиитом (<italic>n</italic> = 69), узелковым полиартериитом (<italic>n</italic> = 23). Наибольшие значения индекса по Бирмингемской шкале активности васкулита отмечены среди больных гранулематозом с полиангиитом и микроскопическим полиангиитом (21,4 и 21,5 балла соответственно). У пациентов с микроскопическим полиангиитом достоверно чаще отмечали развитие хронической болезни почек (С3а–С5 стадий), чем у больных другими первичными некротизирующими системными васкулитами (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001). Установлено, что среднее значение Vasculitis Damage Index через 36 мес. заболевания в группе больных гранулематозом с полиангиитом было наибольшим (4,7 балла) и достоверно превосходило соответствующие показатели на том же сроке болезни в группах больных микроскопическим полиангиитом, эозинофильным гранулематозом с полиангиитом, узелковым полиартериитом (3,8, 2,7 и 3,1 баллов соответственно).</p> <p><bold><italic>Выводы</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Наиболее неблагоприятный прогноз среди пациентов с первичными некротизирующими системными васкулитами в течение первых 3 лет заболевания отмечен у больных гранулематозом с полиангиитом, что отражается в виде высокого уровня Vasculitis Damage Index, показывающего количество необратимых органных поражений.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>systemic vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies</kwd><kwd>granulomatous with polyangiitis</kwd><kwd>microscopic polyangiitis</kwd><kwd>eosinophilic granulomatous with polyangiitis</kwd><kwd>polyarteritis nodosa</kwd><kwd>complications</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>системные васкулиты, ассоциированные с антинейтрофильными цитоплазматическими антителами</kwd><kwd>гранулематоз с полиангиитом</kwd><kwd>микроскопический полиангиит</kwd><kwd>эозинофильный гранулематоз с полиангиитом</kwd><kwd>узелковый полиартериит</kwd><kwd>осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klinicheskaya revmatologiya. 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