<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Family Doctor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Family Doctor</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский семейный врач</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-1668</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2331</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">636984</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RFD636984</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CRDBTL</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальное исследование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Osteoporosis Prevalence in Women in the Urals Rural Area</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Распространенность остеопороза у сельских женщин Урала</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7272-7311</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8710-8403</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondakova</surname><given-names>Vera G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондакова</surname><given-names>Вера Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>KondakovaGP@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4839-4427</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8248-6920</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakroyeva</surname><given-names>Alla G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закроева</surname><given-names>Алла Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>zakroeva.alla@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5120-0263</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3299-4259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>Svyatoslav I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>Святослав Игоревич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>zverevsv@live.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nevyansk Central District Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Невьянская Центральная районная больница</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irbit Central Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ирбитская центральная городская больница</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-01-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-13"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-11"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RFD/article/view/636984">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RFD/article/view/636984</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> The rural population of the Russian Federation is underrepresented in osteoporosis studies.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of osteoporosis in rural women of the Urals aged ≥ 50 years.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> A cluster comprehensive observational study was conducted in 2240 residents of a rural settlement in the Urals. Osteoporosis rates were based on fracture data obtained using a FRAX algorithm and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> A history of fragility fractures was reported in 15% of the study subjects. An additional 4.4% of patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis using DXA. When other clinical data and FRAX scores were analyzed in subjects who declined DXA, the osteoporosis rates in the study population reached 21.2% and showed an increase with age.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The prevalence of osteoporosis in rural women aged ≥ 50 years was 21.2%, and osteoporosis rates increased with age, reaching 38.7% in subjects aged ≥ 85 years. FRAX has been shown to be effective in identifying women at intermediate and high risk of fracture in rural areas, in combination with diagnostic and therapeutic intervention thresholds specific to Russia. Low awareness of osteoporosis in patients with fragility fractures requires a coordinated primary care approach, including osteoporosis education programs for rural populations. Clinical decision making for osteoporosis therapy in 11% of rural women was based on a highly specific intervention threshold calculated using FRAX without consideration of DXA data.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Сельская популяция Российской Федерации недостаточно представлена в исследованиях остеопороза.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — определить распространенность остеопороза у сельских женщин Урала в возрасте 50 лет и старше.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Выполнено кластерное сплошное обсервационное исследование в Уральском поселке среди 2240 жителей. Частоту остеопороза оценивали на основании данных о переломах с использованием алгоритма FRAX и результатов двухэнергетической рентгеновской абсорбциометрии (DXA).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Среди обследованных у 15% лиц выявлены низкоэнергетические переломы в анамнезе. Назначение DXA позволило диагностировать остеопороз еще у 4,4% пациентов. После включения в расчет других клинических данных и показателей FRAX лиц, отказавшихся от DXA, частота остеопороза в изучаемой популяции достигла 21,2% и увеличивалась с возрастом.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Распространенность остеопороза среди сельских женщин 50 лет и старше составляет 21,2%, и его частота увеличивается с возрастом, достигая 38,7% у лиц 85 лет и старше. Использование FRAX в сочетании с разработанными для России диагностическим и терапевтическим порогами вмешательства показало свою эффективность в выявлении женщин со средним и высоким риском переломов на селе. Низкий уровень осведомленности больных с низкоэнергетическими переломами о наличии остеопороза указывает на необходимость внедрения в первичное звено здравоохранения скоординированной модели медицинской помощи, включающей программы информирования сельских жителей об остеопорозе. Для клинического решения о начале терапии остеопороза у 11% сельских женщин применяют порог вмешательства, рассчитываемый по FRAX без включения данных DXA, обладающий высокой специфичностью.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>prevalence</kwd><kwd>rural population</kwd><kwd>women’s health</kwd><kwd>densitometry</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>распространенность</kwd><kwd>сельское население</kwd><kwd>здоровье женщин</kwd><kwd>денситометрия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lesnyak OM, Baranova IA, Belova KYu, et al. Osteoporosis in Russian Federation: Epidemiology, socio-medical and economical aspects (review). Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2018;24(1):155–168. EDN: YVGNSE doi: 10.21823/2311-2905-2018-24-1-155-168</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Nguyen ND, Ahlborg HG, Center JR, et al. Residual lifetime risk of fractures in women and men. J Bone Miner Res. 2007;22(6):781–788. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.070315</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Dyer SM, Crotty M, Fairhall N, et al. A critical review of the long-term disability outcomes following hip fracture. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16(1):158. doi: 10.1186/s12877-016-0332-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Ershova OB, Belova KYu, Degtyarev AA, et al. Analysis of mortality in patients with a fracture of the proximal femur. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2015;18(3):3–8. EDN: XQVYSR doi: 10.14341/osteo201533-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Lesnyak OM. The new paradigm in diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis: prediction of a 10-year absolute risk of fracture (calculator FRAX). Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2012;15(1):23–28. EDN: PXBHYJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Lesnyak OM, Yershova OB, Belova KYu, et al. Epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures in the Russian federation and the Russian model of FRAX. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2014;17(3):3–8. EDN: RUAQYW doi: 10.14341/osteo201433-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Larina TN, Yuzaeva Y.R. Analysis of changes in the rural settlement system of Russia (based on census data). Intellect. Innovations. Investments. 2012;(1):48–51. EDN: PUIGMD</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Mikhailyuk SF, Mikhailyuk RA. Elderly people in rural areas – a special group of medical and social risk. Clinical Gerontology. 2010;16(9–10):54–55. EDN: MWNCAZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL. Modern Epidemiology. Fourth edition. Wolters Kluwer; 2021.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Belaya ZhE, Belova KYu, Biryukova EV, et al. Federal clinical guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2021;24(2):4–47. EDN: TUONYE doi: 10.14341/osteo12930</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Clinical recommendations “Pathologic fractures complicating osteoporosis” (approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2022). Available from: https://base.garant.ru/404774207/. Accessed: 18 Feb 2025. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, et al. The burden of osteoporotic fractures: a method for setting intervention thresholds. Osteoporos Int. 2001;12(5):417–427. doi: 10.1007/s001980170112</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Evstigneeva LP, Kondakova VG, Dubowskoj AV, Avramenkova KG. Approaches to organization of fracture liaison services at the regional level with the involvement of primary care physicians. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2022;25(4):21–27. EDN: FQQXWU doi: 10.14341/osteo12961</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Myagkova MA, Skripnikova IA, Kosmatova OV, et al. Associations of absolute risk of osteoporotic fractures (frax®) and total cardiovascular risk (score) in urban population of the Russian Federation. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2019;18(5):108–116. EDN: NDATFV doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2019-5-108-116</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Benevolenskaya LI, editor. Manual on osteoporosis. Moscow: BINOM; 2003. 523 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Nikitinskaya OA, Toroptsova NV. Social program “osteoscreening Russia” at work. Farmateka. 2012;6(239):90–93. EDN: PACXJZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Gladkova EN, Tanaev VG, Lesnyak OM, et al. The effectiveness of screening to identify patients with osteoporosis/high risk of fractures in primary health care. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2022;25(1):14–22. EDN: MODYDH doi: 10.14341/osteo12946</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Salari N, Darvishi N, Bartina Y, et al. Global prevalence of osteoporosis among the world older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16:669. doi: 10.1186/s13018-021-02821-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Gladkova E, Khodyrev V, Lesnyak O, et al. Analysis of epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures using data from primary care physicians. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2011;14(1):14–18. EDN: OHKRRT doi: 10.14341/osteo2011114-18</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Belova KY, Evstigneeva LP, Lesnyak OM, et al. Organization of a secondary fracture prevention system. Expert group recommendations. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2024;27(8):26–31. EDN: PCMEEB doi: 10.17116/profmed20242708126</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
