<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Family Doctor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Family Doctor</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский семейный врач</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-1668</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2331</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">677244</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RFD677244</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HWIFOJ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальное исследование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Continuous respiratory sound monitoring by electronic auscultation: a reliable method for asthma control</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Непрерывное мониторирование легочных звуков электронной аускультацией — надежный метод контроля бронхиальной астмы</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4445-4480</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57203780371</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAI-4243-2021</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7524-9816</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glotov</surname><given-names>Sergei I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глотов</surname><given-names>Сергей Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>sergeyglot@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8693-4696</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7903-4609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Uryasev</surname><given-names>Oleg M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Урясьев</surname><given-names>Олег Михайлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>uryasev08@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6769-8277</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6389-6643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Byalovskiy</surname><given-names>Yuriy Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бяловский</surname><given-names>Юрий Юльевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>b_uu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0273-4388</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3984-1944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>Irina B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>Ирина Борисовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>docib@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3141-4199</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6722-3203</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Berstneva</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Берстнева</surname><given-names>Светлана Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>berst.ru@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-7593</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9628-5750</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lunyakov</surname><given-names>Vadim A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луняков</surname><given-names>Вадим Анатольевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>lunyakov62@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9519-0950</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1373-2304</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Molotkova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молоткова</surname><given-names>Надежда Петровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>nad.olo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ryazan State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-07-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-17"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-20"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RFD/article/view/677244">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RFD/article/view/677244</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Asthma is managed using clinical assessment of the patient's condition, questionnaires, and pulmonary function parameters. Respiratory sound monitoring is the most effective way to diagnose and manage nocturnal asthma. There is limited research into respiratory sound monitoring in asthma, and available studies primarily focus on pediatric patients.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to assess the reliability of respiratory sound monitoring and changes in the severity of wheezing in patients with various levels of asthma control.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The study included patients with various levels of asthma control. A Vitalograph ALPHA spirometer (England) was used for spirometry. The author’s technique was used for respiratory sound monitoring by electronic auscultation. The resulting audio files were computer-analyzed.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The study included 86 patients, who were divided into groups 1, 2, and 3 with well-controlled, partially controlled, and uncontrolled asthma, respectively. Wheezing episodes had a direct correlation with asthma control level and severity. In group 3, the mean incidence of nocturnal episodes was 3.3 ± 0.4 (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). Monitoring revealed a strong correlation between the number of wheezing episodes and the level of asthma control (<italic>r</italic> = 0.74; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). There was a moderate positive correlation between objective pulmonary function disorders and subjective symptoms (<italic>r</italic> = 0.39; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). There was a weak positive correlation between the duration of wheezing episodes and the severity of pulmonary function disorders (<italic>r</italic> = 0.23; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Continuous respiratory sound monitoring is a reliable tool for assessing changes in respiratory sounds in patients with asthma.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Бронхиальную астму контролируют с помощью клинической оценки состояния пациента, опросников, показателей функции внешнего дыхания. Мониторирование легочных звуков является оптимальным методом диагностики ночной бронхиальной астмы и степени контроля заболевания. В последнее время работ, посвященных мониторированию дыхательных шумов при бронхиальной астме, не так много, и чаще они встречаются в педиатрической практике.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Оценить надежность непрерывного мониторирования дыхательных шумов у пациентов с разными степенями контроля бронхиальной астмы, динамику свистящих хрипов.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> В исследование включены пациенты с разными степенями контроля бронхиальной астмы. Спирометрия проведена спирометром Vitalograph ALPHA (Англия). Мониторирование дыхательных шумов электронной аускультацией осуществляли по собственной разработанной методике. Полученные аудиофайлы подвергали компьютерному анализу.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> 86 пациентов разделены на три группы: 1-ю — с хорошо контролируемой, 2-ю — с частично контролируемой, 3-ю — с неконтролируемой бронхиальной астмой. Эпизоды свистящих хрипов находились в прямой корреляционной связи со степенью контроля и тяжестью течения заболевания. В 3-й группе частота ночных приступов достигала в среднем 3,3±0,4 (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05). При мониторировании выявлена сильная положительная связь между количеством приступов свистящих хрипов и степенью контроля бронхиальной астмы (<italic>r</italic>=0,74; <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05). Между обструктивными нарушениями функции внешнего дыхания и субъективными симптомами обнаружена умеренная положительная связь (<italic>r</italic>=0,39; <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05). Слабая положительная связь выявлена между продолжительностью эпизодов свистящих хрипов и выраженностью нарушений функции внешнего дыхания (<italic>r</italic>=0,23; <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Непрерывное мониторирование легочных звуков является надежным методом мониторирования течения бронхиальной астмы, позволяет регистрировать и оценивать динамику дыхательных шумов.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electronic auscultation</kwd><kwd>continuous dynamic auscultation</kwd><kwd>respiratory sounds</kwd><kwd>asthma management</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электронная аускультация</kwd><kwd>непрерывная динамическая аускультация</kwd><kwd>легочные звуки</kwd><kwd>контроль бронхиальной астмы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Updated 2023. Available from: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GINA-2023-Full-Report-2023-WMS.pdf. Accessed: 01 May, 2023.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Chuchalin AG, Avdeev SN, Aisanov ZR, et al. Federal guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma. Pulmonologiya. 2022;32(3):393–447. doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2022-32-3-393-447 EDN: HZEHSI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Rogachykov AI, Uryasev OM. The medication inhale technology and asthma control. I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2016;24(3):86–91. doi: 10.17816/PAVLOVJ2016386-91 EDN: WLYXKJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Tribuntseva LV, Budnevsky AV, Ivanchuk YuS, et al. Comorbid pathology in patients with bronchial asthma: literature review. Science of the young (Eruditio Juvenium). 2021;9(1):136–146. doi: 10.23888/HMJ202191136-146 EDN: RWFIYQ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Schatz M, Mosen DM, Kosinski M, et al. Validity of the Asthma Control Test completed at home. Am J Manag Care. 2007;13(12):661–667.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Raherison C, Abouelfath A, Le Gros V, et al. Underdiagnosis of nocturnal symptoms in asthma in general practice. J Asthma. 2006;43(3):199–202. doi: 10.1080/02770900600566744</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Pinyochotiwong C, Chirakalwasan N, Collop N. Nocturnal Asthma. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2021;39(2):78–88. doi: 10.12932/AP-231020-0986 EDN: HODFJD</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Andres E, Gass R, Charloux A, et al. Respiratory sound analysis in the era of evidence-based medicine and the world of medicine 2.0. J Med Life. 2018;11(2):89–106.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Pasterkamp H, Kraman SS, Wodicka GR. Respiratory sounds: advances beyond the stethoscope. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156(3 Pt 1):974–987. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.156.3.9701115 EDN: XNOKXB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Khalid I, Morris ZQ, Digiovine B. Specific conductance criteria for a positive methacholine challenge test: are the American Thoracic Society guidelines rather generous? Respir Care. 2009;54(9):1168–1174.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Mehra R. Understanding nocturnal asthma. The plot thickens. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;190(3):243–244. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201406-1130ED</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Bentur L, Beck R, Irving CS, et al. Nocturnal wheeze measuremen in young asthmatics. Pediatric Asthma, Allergy and Immunology. 2004;17(3):191–197. doi: 10.1089/pai.2004.17.191</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Lenniger P, Gross V, Kunsch S, et al. Nocturnal long-term monitoring of lung sounds in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Pneumologie. 2010;64(4):255–258. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1215344 EDN: NAMIQP</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Lenclud C, Cuttitta G, Van Gansbeke D, et al. Evaluation of nocturnal bronchoconstriction by all night tracheal sound monitoring. Thorax. 1996;51(7):694–698. doi: 10.1136/thx.51.7.694</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Bentur L, Beck R, Shinawi M, et al. Wheeze monitoring in children for assessment of nocturnal asthma and response to therapy. Eur Respir J. 2003;21(4):621–626. doi: 10.1183/09031936.03.00036302</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14(5):377–381.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Haefeli M, Elfering A. Pain assessment. Eur Spine J. 2006;15 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S17–24. doi: 10.1007/s00586-005-1044-x EDN: ALPIMA</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Miller MR, et al. Standardization of Spirometry 2019 Update An Ofﬁcial American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society Technical Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200(8):e70–88. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201908-1590ST</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Patent RUS №238304/10.03.10. Byul. №7. Kuznetsov VI, Abrosimov VN, Glotov SI, Labutin G.I. Electronic acoustic interface for a stethoscope. Available from: https://www.elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_37695149_20958535.pdf EDN: ZJXOLJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Patent RUS №64495/10.07.07. Kuznetsov VI, Abrosimov VN, Labutin GI. Sensor lock and frame for its implementation. Available from: https://yandex.ru/patents/doc/RU64495U1_20070710</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Gavriely N. Acoustic monitoring of athma. The 41st annual conference of international lung sounds association. Final program and abstracts. 2016 Oct 7–8. Tokyo, Japan: Convention Hall, Ie-No-Hikari; 2016. S13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Makoto Y, Kazuma S, Takafumi K. Play back of respiratory sounds recorded with bluetooth®-based wireless microphone. The 41st annual conference of international lung sounds association. Final program and abstracts. 2016 Oct 7–8. Tokyo, Japan: Convention Hall, Ie-No-Hikari; 2016. S18.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Fischer P, Steinbrecher L, Schudt, et al. Monitoring of nocturnal respiratory symptoms in COPD patients by using LEOSound lung sound monitor. The 42st annual conference of international lung sounds association. Final program and abstracts. Tromsø, Norway; 2017. S13.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
