Modern approaches to providing neurological care to patients with multiple injuries

polytrauma remains one of the leading causes of mortality and disability among working-age individuals, and damage to the nervous system significantly worsens the prognosis, determining the severity of the condition and the outcome of the disease. Despite the development of modern technologies such as neuroimaging, neuromonitoring, and intensive care, the frequency of adverse outcomes remains high due to the complexity of early diagnosis of neurological disorders and the variability of organizational and therapeutic approaches. This highlights the need for a systematic review of current data and the search for optimal solutions in the management of patients in this category.

The paper presents an analytical review of modern approaches to providing neurological care to patients with polytrauma, performed using the PRISMA methodology. An analysis of publications from 2020 to 2025 on the diagnosis, intensive care, neurosurgical tactics, and early neurorehabilitation of patients with nervous system damage was conducted. It was shown that secondary damage to the nervous tissue caused by hypoxia, hypotension, and metabolic disorders plays a key role in the development of adverse outcomes. The importance of early neuromonitoring, including monitoring of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure, as well as the timely use of neuroimaging methods, has been substantiated. The effectiveness of a staged and multidisciplinary approach, including coordination of pre-hospital and hospital stages, early neurosurgical intervention, and the initiation of rehabilitation measures, has been emphasized.

The presented data allow us to clarify the key factors influencing outcomes in polytrauma and justify the need for a comprehensive, protocolized approach to patient management aimed at reducing mortality and improving functional outcomes.