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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Российской Военно-медицинской академии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2713-2315</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2323</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">303662</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rmmar303662</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Association of polymorphic variants of the gene BDNF in human adaptation to extreme environmental conditions and life expectancy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль полиморфных вариантов гена нейротрофического фактора BDNF в процессах активной адаптации к экстремальным условиям и предполагаемой индивидуальной продолжительности жизни</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1351-8696</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6740-5392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Spivak</surname><given-names>Irina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спивак</surname><given-names>Ирина Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>Irina_spivak@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6580-4075</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3154-9228</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhekalov</surname><given-names>Andrey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жекалов</surname><given-names>Андрей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>Jann1960@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7276-5182</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6764-3561</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Spivak</surname><given-names>Dmitry L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спивак</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>leading expert</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий эксперт</p></bio><email>d.spivak@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0639-017X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2498-7308</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapovalov</surname><given-names>Pavel A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаповалов</surname><given-names>Павел Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5<sup>th</sup> year cadet</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>курсант 5-го курса</p></bio><email>pavel.shapovalov.2001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timoshenko</surname><given-names>Ruslan V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимошенко</surname><given-names>Руслан Владиславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bachelor of Biology Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>бакалавр биологического факультета</p></bio><email>rtimbio@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-5977</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6860-8990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glushakov</surname><given-names>Ruslan I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глушаков</surname><given-names>Руслан Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D.Sc. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук</p></bio><email>Glushakovruslan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1584-1748</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2299-6153</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovko</surname><given-names>Konstantin P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головко</surname><given-names>Константин Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D.Sc. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук</p></bio><email>labws@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.P. Bechtereva Human Brain Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт мозга человека им. Н.П. Бехтеревой РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>42</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>293</fpage><lpage>301</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-14"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-05-22"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/303662">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/303662</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>BDNF is a member of the neurotrophin protein family, which plays an important role in the development, maintenance and plasticity of the central and peripheral nervous system. BDNF is expressed in neurons of the developing and adult mammalian nervous system, where it is produced in relatively small amounts, but has high activity, causing biological reactions at picomolar concentrations. It promotes the differentiation of neurons from stem cells, enhances neurite growth and synaptogenesis, and can prevent programmed cell death (apoptosis). The role of BDNF in the regulation of energy homeostasis is also great: by stimulating glucose transport and mitochondrial biogenesis, BDNF enhances cell bioenergetics and protects neurons from damage and neurodegenerative diseases. It is BDNF that controls nutrition patterns (regulating appetite) and types of physical activity, modulates glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues and mediates the positive effect of exercise and fasting on cognitive functions, mood, cardiovascular function and peripheral metabolism. This article presents a mini-review of the data accumulated to date on the role of polymorphic variants of the <italic>BDNF</italic> gene in the processes of active physiological and psychological adaptation and their comparison with the data obtained by the authors in the study of psychological adaptation to working conditions in the Arctic region of the Russian Federation. The given materials allow us to conclude that optimal adaptation to extreme external conditions is most likely provided genetically by the presence of the Val/Val genotype of the <italic>BDNF</italic> gene (also associated, in turn, with the probable extension of the individual survival period), and psychologically by the increased use of creative ability.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Нейротрофический фактор головного мозга BDNF — член семейства белков нейротрофинов, играющий важную роль в развитии, поддержании и пластичности центральной и периферической нервной системы. Ген <italic>BDNF</italic> экспрессируется в нейронах развивающейся и взрослой нервной системы млекопитающих, где продуцируется в относительно небольших количествах, но обладает высокой активностью, вызывая биологические реакции при пикомолярных концентрациях. Нейротрофин способствует дифференцировке нейронов из стволовых клеток, усиливает рост нейритов и синаптогенез и может предотвращать запрограммированную гибель клеток (апоптоз). Также велика роль BDNF в регуляции энергетического гомеостаза: стимулируя транспорт глюкозы и митохондриальный биогенез, BDNF усиливает биоэнергетику клетки и защищает нейроны от повреждений и нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Именно BDNF контролирует модели питания (регулируя аппетит) и типы физической активности, модулирует метаболизм глюкозы в периферических тканях и опосредует положительное влияние физических упражнений и голодания на когнитивные функции, настроение, сердечно-сосудистую функцию и периферический метаболизм. Настоящая статья представляет мини-обзор накопленных к настоящему времени данных о роли полиморфных вариантов гена <italic>BDNF</italic> в процессах активной физиологической и психологической адаптации и их сравнение с данными, полученными авторами при исследовании психологической адаптации к условиям работы в Арктическом регионе Российской Федерации. Приведенные материалы позволяют сделать вывод, что оптимальная адаптация к экстремальным внешним условиям с большой вероятностью обеспечивается в генетическом отношении наличием генотипа Val/Val гена <italic>BDNF</italic> (связанного также, в свою очередь, с вероятным продлением индивидуального срока дожития), а в психологическом плане — усиленным задействованием креативной способности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adaptation</kwd><kwd>Arctic</kwd><kwd>BDNF</kwd><kwd>climate change</kwd><kwd>creativity</kwd><kwd>extreme temperatures</kwd><kwd>genetic polymorphism</kwd><kwd>psychological defenses</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>адаптация</kwd><kwd>Арктика</kwd><kwd>BDNF</kwd><kwd>генетический полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>изменение климата</kwd><kwd>креативность</kwd><kwd>психологические защиты</kwd><kwd>экстремальные температуры</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований, грант</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>20-013-00121 А</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lau H, Fitri A, Ludin M, Rajab NF, Shahar S. 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