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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Российской Военно-медицинской академии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2713-2315</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2323</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">492301</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rmmar492301</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Optical coherence tomography with angiography in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оптическая когерентная томография с ангиографией в диагностике болезни Альцгеймера</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2867-1223</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">ADU-7064-2022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7343-2012</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Strumentova</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Струментова</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., 2<sup>nd </sup>year postgraduate student of the Neurology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирантка II года кафедры неврологии</p></bio><email>lenavmeda@maul.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3109-8795</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57203881632</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">I-4819-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7779-3569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobzin</surname><given-names>Vladimir Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобзин</surname><given-names>Владимир Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>vladimirlobzin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6598-3982</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4903-2333</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mal'tsev</surname><given-names>Dmitriy S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D.Sc. (Medicine), the Head of the Laser Surgery Department of the Clinics of Ophthalmology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, заведующий отделением лазерной хирургии клиники офтальмологии</p></bio><email>glaz.med@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7384-2223</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5574-3595</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burnasheva</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурнашева</surname><given-names>Мария Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., ophthalmologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-офтальмолог</p></bio><email>maria.andreevna1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7254-212X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">ISS-3634-2023</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7089-7083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mosina</surname><given-names>Maria M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мосина</surname><given-names>Мария Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., radiologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-рентгенолог</p></bio><email>mariiamosina@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4432-7362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khasanova</surname><given-names>Almira A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хасанова</surname><given-names>Альмира Артуровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5<sup>th</sup> year student of the Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 5-го курса Лечебного факультета</p></bio><email>almi.kh12082000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5152-0646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Doronina</surname><given-names>Anna N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доронина</surname><given-names>Анна Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5<sup>th</sup> year student of the Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 5-го курса Лечебного факультета</p></bio><email>doroninaanna414@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children’s Research and Clinical Centre for Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>42</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>403</fpage><lpage>411</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-14"><day>14</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-09-23"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/492301">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/492301</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: Alzheimer’s disease is becoming increasingly common and the number of patients with dementia is steadily increasing. Existing diagnostic methods (neuropsychological testing, cerebrospinal fluid examination, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography) are either subjective, inaccessible or invasive and expensive, therefore the search for new methods of Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis is necessary. The retina and the human brain share a common embryonic origin. The use of optical coherence tomography with angiography can help in the diagnosis of the disease, especially at an early stage.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: To perform a comparative analysis of the vascular density of the peripapillary region of the human retina with the severity of cognitive impairment and atrophic changes according to MRI in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold>: Thirty patients participated in the study: 20 with Alzheimer’s disease and 10 in the control group. All patients underwent collection of complaints and history, general neurological and ophthalmological examination to evaluate inclusion and noninclusion criteria. Subsequently, neuropsychological testing, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with assessment according to standardized neuroimaging scales, and optical coherence tomography with angiography according to a standard protocol were performed. The results were processed using the Statistica 10 software package (StatSoft, USA).</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: Assessment of retinal microvascular bed condition in Alzheimer’s disease patients revealed a significant level of relative vascular density reduction in the upper half of radial peripapillary plexus of the retina due to reduction of small vessel density (p = 0.02). There was a direct correlation between the severity of the decrease in the FCSRT total score and changes in vascular density in the nasal sector of the retina (r = 0.52). There was a significant inverse relationship between vascular density in the temporal sector and the final GCA score for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (r = 0.57). The Fazekas scale score revealed an inverse correlation between its score and the vascular density in the upper retinal half and its upper sector (r = 0.53).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold>: Оptical coherence tomography with angiography is a highly informative and promising method for early, including pre-diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, which is considerably more accessible and accurate than other techniques.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность</bold>. Болезнь Альцгеймера становится все более распространенной, и количество пациентов с деменцией неуклонно растет. Существующие методы диагностики (нейропсихологическое тестирование, исследование цереброспинальной жидкости, магнитно-резонансная томография и позитронно-эмиссионная томография) либо субъективны, либо малодоступны, либо являются инвазивными и дорогостоящими, в связи с чем необходим поиск новых методов диагностики болезни Альцгеймера. Сетчатка и головной мозг человека имеют общее эмбриональное происхождение. Применение оптической когерентной томографии с ангиографией может помочь в диагностике заболевания, особенно на ранней стадии.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold>. Проведение сравнительного анализа сосудистой плотности перипапиллярной области сетчатки человека с выраженностью когнитивных нарушений и атрофических изменений по данным магнитно-резонансной томографии у пациентов с болезнью Альцгеймера.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследовании приняли участие 30 пациентов: 20 с болезнью Альцгеймера и 10 в контрольной группе. У всех пациентов произведен сбор жалоб и анамнеза, общий неврологический и офтальмологический осмотры для оценки критериев включения и невключения. В дальнейшем выполнено нейропсихологическое тестирование, магнитно-резонансная томография головного мозга с оценкой по стандартизованным нейровизуализационным шкалам и оптическая когерентная томографии с ангиографией по стандартному протоколу. Обработка полученных результатов произведена с применением программного пакета Statistica 10 (StatSoft, США).</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. При оценке состояния микрососудистого русла сетчатки глаза у пациентов с болезнью Альцгеймера было выявлено на достоверном уровне снижение относительной сосудистой плотности в верхней половине радиального перипапиллярного сплетения сетчатки за счет снижения плотности мелких сосудов (<italic>p</italic> = 0,02). Выявлена прямая взаимосвязь между выраженностью снижения суммарного балла по шкале FCSRT и изменения сосудистой плотности в носовом секторе сетчатки (<italic>r</italic> = 0,52). Получена достоверная обратная зависимость между сосудистой плотностью в височном секторе и итоговым баллом по шкале GCA для пациентов с болезнью Альцгеймера (<italic>r</italic> = 0,57). При оценке по шкале Fazekas выявлена обратная корреляция между ее результатом и сосудистой плотностью в верхней половине сетчатки и ее верхнем секторе (<italic>r</italic> = 0,53).</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Оптическая когерентная томографии с ангиографией — высокоинформативный и перспективный метод в ранней, в том числе донозологической, диагностике болезни Альцгеймера, являющийся в значительной степени более доступным и точным, чем другие методики исследования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>beta-amyloid</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>eye</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography with angiography</kwd><kwd>retina</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бета-амилоидный белок</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>глаз</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография с ангиографией</kwd><kwd>сетчатка</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emelin AY, Lobzin VY. Complex differential diagnosis of cognitive impairment. 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