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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Российской Военно-медицинской академии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2713-2315</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2323</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">611154</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rmmar611154</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case report</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Nodopathy: clinic, diagnosis, treatment. Clinical description</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нодопатии: клиника, диагностика, лечение. Описание клинического случая</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-4389</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1626-8400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulatov</surname><given-names>Al'bert R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булатов</surname><given-names>Альберт Ренатович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lecturer of the Nervous Diseases Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, преподаватель кафедры нервных болезней</p></bio><email>albert_br@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8988-3011</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">35734354000</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">F-9120-2013</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6112-2792</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinenko</surname><given-names>Igor' V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвиненко</surname><given-names>Игорь Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor the Head of the Department and Clinic of Nervous Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, профессор, начальник кафедры и клиники нервных болезней</p></bio><email>litvinenkoiv@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5881-2242</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">37066611200</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">H-9132-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1006-2845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygan</surname><given-names>Nikolay V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыган</surname><given-names>Николай Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor, Deputy Head of the Department and Clinic of Nervous Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, профессор, заместитель начальника кафедры и клиники нервных болезней</p></bio><email>1860n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3804-6245</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2351-4096</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bardakov</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бардаков</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Ph.D. (Medicine), Lecturer of the Nervous Diseases Depart</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, преподаватель кафедры нервных болезней</p></bio><email>epistaxis@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3191-4308</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boykova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойкова</surname><given-names>Александра Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student of the 4<sup>th</sup> faculty, 5<sup>th</sup> year</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 4 факультета, 5 курс</p></bio><email>saboykova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnik</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесник</surname><given-names>Татьяна Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student of the 4<sup>th</sup> faculty, 5<sup>th</sup> year</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 4 факультета, 5 курс</p></bio><email>taniakolesnik061@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3562-1029</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">160612003492</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">I-7566-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4985-7683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Onishchenko</surname><given-names>Lyudmila S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Онищенко</surname><given-names>Людмила Семеновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph. D. (Biology), Scientific Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук. научно-исследовательского центрa</p></bio><email>ludonis1947@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>42</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>427</fpage><lpage>435</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-22"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-31"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/611154">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/611154</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>AIM</bold>: Evaluation of the significance and possibilities of laboratory-instrumental diagnostic methods in establishing the diagnosis and selection of targeted therapy in patients with nodopathies.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold>: System analysis of data from foreign and domestic literature with the presentation of a clinical case.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: Polyneuropathies are classified as demyelinating or axonal based on electrophysiological studies. However, in 2015, in addition to axonal and demyelinating neuropathies, it was proposed to distinguish a separate pathophysiological group — nodopathies. The pathogenesis of nodopathies may differ depending on the type of ion channels involved in the process, but always leads to a loss of excitability of the axon membrane; in the nodal region the membrane becomes inexcitable. Such neuropathies are characterized by transient conduction blocks followed by the development of axonal degeneration. Typical examples of nodopathies are acute motor axonal neuropathy, as well as multifocal motor neuropathy. Current pathophysiological understanding of specialized nodal regions (nodes of Ranvier) and associated axoglial proteins is growing. Hypotheses have been put forward about their role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated attack on the peripheral myelinated axon. Recently, high titers of antibodies directed against a number of key adhesion molecules have been identified in both acute and chronic inflammatory neuropathies. These facts add to the differences in differential diagnosis between axonal and demyelinating peripheral neuropathies. New disease classification schemes based on seropositivity, improved electrophysiological and ultrasound classification, and identification of putative underlying pathological targets and mechanisms are being rapidly developed.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold>: Using our clinical example, we demonstrated the capabilities of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods in establishing a diagnosis in a patient with one of the forms of nodopathies — multifocal motor neuropathy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель</bold>. Оценка значимости и возможностей лабораторно-инструментальных методов диагностики в установлении диагноза и подбора таргетной терапии у пациентов с нодопатиями.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Системный анализ данных зарубежной и отечественной литературы с приведением клинического случая.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Полиневропатии классифицируются как демиелинизирующие или аксональные на основе электрофизиологических исследований. Однако, в 2015 г., кроме аксональных и демиелинизирующих невропатий, было предложено выделять отдельную патофизиологическую группу — нодопатии. Патогенез нодопатий может отличаться в зависимости от типа вовлеченных в процесс ионных каналов, но всегда приводит к утрате возбудимости мембраны аксона, в нодальной области мембрана становится невозбудимой. Для таких невропатий характерны транзиторные блоки проведения с последующим развитием аксональной дегенерации. Типичными примерами нодопатий считаются острая моторная аксональная невропатия, а также мультифокальная моторная невропатия. Современное патофизиологическое понимание специализированных узловых областей (перехватов Ранвье) и связанных с ними аксоглиальных белков растет. Выдвигаются гипотезы об их роли в патогенезе иммуноопосредованной атаки на периферический миелинизированный аксон. В последнее время были выявлены в высоких титрах антитела, направленные против ряда ключевых молекул адгезии как при острых, так и при хронических воспалительных невропатиях. Данные факты дополнили различия в дифференциальной диагностике между аксональными и демиелинизирующими периферическими невропатиями. Ускоренно разрабатываются новые схемы классификации заболеваний, основанные на серопозитивности, улучшенной электрофизиологической и ультразвуковой классификации и идентификации предполагаемых основных патологических мишеней и механизмов.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. На нашем клиническом примере мы продемонстрировали возможности лабораторно-инструментальных методов диагностики в установлении диагноза у пациента с одной из форм нодопатий — мультифокальной моторной невропатии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ENMG</kwd><kwd>nodopathy</kwd><kwd>nod of Ranvier</kwd><kwd>sonography of nerves</kwd><kwd>NF155</kwd><kwd>NF184</kwd><kwd>paranodopathy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нодопатии</kwd><kwd>паранодопатии</kwd><kwd>перехват Ранвье</kwd><kwd>УЗИ нервов</kwd><kwd>ЭНМГ</kwd><kwd>NF155</kwd><kwd>NF184</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1.	Uncini A, Kuwabara S. Nodopathies of the peripheral nerve: an emerging concept. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015;86(11): 1186–1195. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-310097</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uncini A., Kuwabara S. 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