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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Российской Военно-медицинской академии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2713-2315</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2323</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">615774</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rmmar615774</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case report</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Problems of diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain syndrome in patients with variants of the structure of peripheral nerves. A series of clinical cases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Проблемы диагностики и лечения хронического болевого синдрома у пациентов с вариантами строения периферических нервов. Серия клинических случаев</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-4389</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1626-8400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulatov</surname><given-names>Al'bert R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булатов</surname><given-names>Альберт Ренатович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lecturer of the Nervous Diseases Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, преподаватель кафедры нервных болезней</p></bio><email>albert_br@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnik</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесник</surname><given-names>Татьяна Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student of the 4<sup>th</sup> faculty, 5<sup>th</sup> year</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 4 факультета, 5 курс</p></bio><email>taniakolesnik061@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3191-4308</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boykova</surname><given-names>Александра A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойкова</surname><given-names>Александра Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student of the 4<sup>th</sup> faculty, 5<sup>th</sup> year</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 4 факультета, 5 курс</p></bio><email>saboykova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8988-3011</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">35734354000</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">F-9120-2013</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6112-2792</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinenko</surname><given-names>Igor' V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвиненко</surname><given-names>Игорь Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor the Head of the Department and Clinic of Nervous Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, профессор, начальник кафедры и клиники нервных болезней</p></bio><email>litvinenkoiv@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5881-2242</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">37066611200</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">H-9132-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1006-2845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygan</surname><given-names>Nikolay V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыган</surname><given-names>Николай Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor, Deputy Head of the Department and Clinic of Nervous Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, профессор, заместитель начальника кафедры и клиники нервных болезней</p></bio><email>1860n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>42</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>413</fpage><lpage>420</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-25"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-31"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/615774">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/615774</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>AIM</bold>: To assess the presence of variants of the structure of peripheral nerves as possible risk factors for chronic pain syndrome on the example of a series of clinical cases.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold>: The systematization and analysis of data from domestic and foreign literature on pathophysiology, clinic, diagnosis and treatment of complex regional pain syndrome has been carried out. Research method: system analysis, presentation of a series of clinical cases.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: A series of clinical cases is presented. The main risk factors for chronic pain syndrome are presented. The conditions and diseases that need to be differentially diagnosed if complex regional pain syndrome is suspected are systematized: tunnel syndromes (carpal tunnel syndrome), diabetic polyneuropathy, HIV polyneuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, neurogenic claudication/lumbar stenosis, central post-stroke pain, upper thoracic syndrome apertures.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold>: Today, practitioners and neurophysiologists are not sufficiently aware of the existence of interneural anastomoses and features, typical electroneuromyographic signs, as a result of which in most cases the obtained electroneuromyographic data are interpreted erroneously. Variants of the structure of nerves can give an incorrect clinical picture of the condition of peripheral nerves and lead to untimely diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome. Improvements in diagnostic methods, as well as widely introduced high-tech examination methods, in particular electroneuromyography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound, are helping to increase the frequency of detection of abnormalities in the structure of peripheral nerves. In the presented clinical cases, patients had structural variants that gave an incorrect clinical picture of the condition of the peripheral nerves and led to untimely diagnosis and treatment — the development of chronic pain syndrome.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель</bold>. Оценить наличие вариантов строения периферических нервов как возможных факторов риска хронизации болевого синдрома на примере серии клинических случаев.</p> <p><bold>Метод исследования</bold>. Проведены систематизация и анализ данных отечественной и зарубежной литературы по патофизиологии, клинике, диагностике и терапии комплексного регионарного болевого синдрома.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Представлена серия клинических случаев. Перечислены основные факторы риска хронизации болевого синдрома. Систематизированы состояния и заболевания, с которыми необходимо проводить дифференциальную диагностику при подозрении на наличие комплексного регионарного болевого синдрома: туннельные синдромы (карпальный туннельный синдром), диабетическая полиневропатия, ВИЧ полиневропатия, постгерпетическая невралгия, нейрогенная хромота/люмбальный стеноз, центральная постинсультная боль, синдром верхней грудной апертуры.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. На сегодняшний день практические врачи и нейрофизиологи недостаточно осведомлены о существовании межневральных анастомозов и особенностей, типичных электронейромиографических признаков, вследствие чего в большинстве случаев полученные данные электронейромиографии интерпретируются ошибочно. Варианты строения нервов могут давать неверную клиническую картину состояния периферических нервов и приводить к несвоевременным диагностике и лечению хронического болевого синдрома, комплексного регионарного болевого синдрома. Совершенствование методов диагностики, а также широко внедряемые высокотехнологичные методы обследований, в частности электронейромиография, магнитно-резонансная томография и ультразвуковое исследование, способствуют повышению частоты выявления аномалий строения периферических нервов. В представленных клинических случаях у пациентов имелись варианты строения, которые давали неверную клиническую картину состояния периферических нервов и приводили к несвоевременной диагностике и лечению — развитию хронического болевого синдрома.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic pain</kwd><kwd>CRPS</kwd><kwd>ENMG</kwd><kwd>interneural anastomoses</kwd><kwd>traumatic neuropathy</kwd><kwd>ultrasound</kwd><kwd>variants of nerve structure</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>варианты строения нервов</kwd><kwd>КРБС</kwd><kwd>межневральные анастомозы</kwd><kwd>травматическая невропатия</kwd><kwd>УЗИ</kwd><kwd>хроническая боль</kwd><kwd>ЭНМГ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mos M, Bruijn AGJ, Huygen FJPM., et al. The incidence of complex regional pain syndrome: a population-based study. Pain. 2007;129(1–2): 12–20. 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