Russian Military Medical Academy ReportsRussian Military Medical Academy ReportsИзвестия Российской Военно-медицинской академии2713-23152713-2323Eco-Vector62788810.17816/rmmar627888Original articlesОригинальные исследованияResearch ArticleThe Relationship Between Physical Performance Indicators, Metabolic Characteristics, and Body Composition of Young AthletesВзаимосвязь показателей физической работоспособности, метаболических особенностей и состава тела молодых спортсменовhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6132-8382MatytsynViacheslav O.МатыцинВячеслав Олегович
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, of Normal Physiology Department

канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры нормальной физиологии

matitsin@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-54744976-3344SmirnovaGalina A.СмирноваГалина Алексеевна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

канд. биол. наук

smirnova2006@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6735-3466KravchenkoElena V.КравченкоЕлена Владимировна
Russian Federation
helenkrav72@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0684-83987395-3702KorostelevaOksana G.КоростелеваОксана Геннадиевна
Russian Federation
kor.vika.2007@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-0526-55579154-8250RaguzinaDaria V.РагузинаДарья Вячеславовна
Russian Federation
daryavyacheslavovna@inbox.ruMilitary Medical AcademyВоенно-медицинская академияI.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical UniversityПервый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. И.П. ПавловаMilitary Medical AcademyВоенно-медицинская академия2505202544179860403202413092024Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-ВекторCopyright ©; 2025,2025Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/627888

Background: Adequate supply of nutrients, water, minerals, and micronutrients is required to maintain energy-yielding and constructive metabolism and support the body in the context of intense exercise load. This is especially important for young, physically and socially active individuals such as athletes, military personnel, rescuers, police officers, and other adventure and action professionals.

AIM: To find relationships between Bioelectrical Impedance parameters of body composition of multi-event athletes and their key physical performance indicators determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing with maximum exercise load.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine men (a multi-event team) aged 18 to 22 voluntarily participated in the study. We used anthropometry, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, skinfold caliper measurement, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing with VO2max measurement at peak exercise load. Due to small sample sizes, the Spearman nonparametric rank correlation method was used to analyze the relationship between the studied variables. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.0 software.

RESULTS: We found significant and strong correlations between the lean body mass, including muscle mass; water, protein and mineral content and the exercise efficiency and muscle energy supply during intense exercise load measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

CONCLUSION: It has been experimentally verified that during intense exercise load, most metabolic loading in the human body is borne by its lean body mass, including skeletal muscles, and their unimpaired functioning requires sufficient supply of both energy and proteins to maintain muscle volume and restore muscle mass. A reasonable way to increase the supply of proteins to the athlete’s body is to introduce functional foods with given ingredients and optimal content of high-quality and easily digestible protein into the diet.

Актуальность. Для обеспечения деятельности связанной с интенсивными физическими нагрузками необходимо адекватное поступление питательных веществ, воды, минералов и микроэлементов, обеспечивающих энергетический и пластический метаболизм. Это особенно важно для лиц молодого возраста, активных физически и социально, таких как спортсмены, военнослужащие, спасатели, полицейские и прочие специалисты экстремальных видов деятельности.

Цель — поиск взаимосвязей между биоимпедансометрическими параметрами состава тела спортсменов-многоборцев и их основными показателями физической работоспособности, оцененными в кардиореспираторном тесте с максимальной физической нагрузкой.

Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли добровольное участие 9 мужчин (сборная спортивная команда по многоборью) от 18 до 22 лет. Использованы следующие методы: антропометрия, биоимпедансометрия, калиперометрия, кардиореспираторный тест с определением максимального потребления кислорода на пике физической нагрузки. Для анализа взаимосвязи между исследуемыми переменными с учетом малых размеров выборок был использован метод непараметрической ранговой корреляции Спирмена. Статистический анализ данных проведен с использованием программных продуктов Microsoft Excel и Statistica 10.0.

Результаты. Выявлены статистически значимые сильные корреляционные связи показателей безжировой, в том числе мышечной, массы тела, а также значений содержания воды, протеина и минеральных веществ с показателями эффективности мышечной работы и ее энергообеспечения при интенсивных физических нагрузках, оцененных с применением кардиореспираторного теста.

Заключение. Экспериментально подтверждено, что при выполнении интенсивной физической работы главную метаболическую нагрузку в организме человека несет его тощая масса тела, включая скелетную мускулатуру, для полноценной деятельности которой необходимо достаточное обеспечение не только энергией, но и протеинами для поддержания мышечных объемов, восстановления мышечной массы. Одним из доступных способов увеличения поступления протеинов в организм спортсмена является введение в рацион функциональных продуктов питания с заданным составом и оптимальным содержанием высококачественного легкоусвояемого белка.

bioelectrical impedance analysiscardiopulmonary exercise testingmulti-event teamathletesnutritional statusphysical activityphysical performanceбиоимпедансометриякардиореспираторный тестмногоборьеспортсменыстатус питанияфизическая нагрузкафизическая работоспособностьZnarenko VM. Changes in functional performance in athletes when performing non-optimal physical activity. In: Secondary vocational and higher education in the field of physical culture and sports: current state and development prospects. All-Russian scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the formation of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation. Chelyabinsk; 2023. P. 236–239. EDN: WLABQOPuzyrevsky RV, Gursky AV, Smirnov SN, et al. Complex use of means for restoring the physical performance of athletes in team sports. Synergy Sciences. 2021;(57):247–255. EDN: WUUULNAnkudinov NV, Smirnov SN, Gursky AV. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the issue of restoring the physical performance of athletes specializing in team sports. In: Scientific reality and images of the future in the context of interdisciplinary research. XXXVIII All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. Rostov-on-Don; 2021. P. 88–91. EDN: DJVZZIPhinney SD. Ketogenic diets and physical performance. Nutrition & Metabolism. 2004;1(1):2. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-1-2Kuzmenkov EV. Features of organizing proper nutrition for young people to increase their level of performance. In: Current Problems of Forming a Healthy Lifestyle for Students. XII International Scientific and Practical Conference of Students. Smolensk; 2020. P. 154–158. EDN: EIFCKSYunkerov VI, Grigoriev SG, Rezvantsev MV. Mathematical and statistical processing of medical research data. Tutorial. Saint Petersburg: VMedA; 2011. 318 р. EDN: XRYZWXLang TA., Sesik MA. How to describe statistics in medicine. Leonov VP, ed., translation from English. Moscow: Practicheskaya Meditsina Publ.; 2016. 480 p. EDN: QLYKNZGusev AV, Kotov YuB, Ordzhonikidze ZG, et al. Study of the dynamics of high physical activity using computer testing and mathematical modeling methods. Information technologies and computing systems. 2007;(1):49–55. EDN: JVVCQZSimbirtsev GS. Regulatory influence of carbon dioxide on oxygen consumption in athletes developing endurance in the light of mathematical analysis of aerobic oxidation energy production. Sports medicine: science and practice. 2019;9(3):12–24. EDN: ZNTEHM doi: 10.17238/ISSN2223-2524.2019.3.12Golovin MS, Aizman RI. Physiological and biochemical indicators characterizing physical performance during load testing on a treadmill and bicycle ergometer. Human. Sport. Medicine. 2022;22(1):14–21. EDN: SRTAJP. doi: 10.14529/hsm220102Vostrikov VA. Physical performance as a criterion for the reliability of athletes. Bulletin of the Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla. 2022;(1–3(62)):129–130. EDN: JCFHZZMuoio DM, Leddy JJ, Horvath PJ, et al. Effect of dietary fat on metabolic adjustments to maximal VO2 and endurance in runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1994;26(1):81–88. PMID: 8133743Langfort J, Pilis W, Zarzeczny R, et al. Effect of low-carbohydrate-ketogenic diet on metabolic and hormonal responses to graded exercise in men. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 1996;47(2):361–371. PMID: 8807563Kakehi S, Tamura Y, Takeno K, et al. Endurance Runners with Intramyocellular Lipid Accumulation and High Insulin Sensitivity Have Enhanced Expression of Genes Related to Lipid Metabolism in Muscle. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(12):3951. doi: 10.3390/jcm9123951Tamura Y, Watada H, Igarashi Y, et al. Short-term effects of dietary fat on intramyocellular lipid in sprinters and endurance runners. Metabolism. 2008;57(3):373–379. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.10.013Medvedev DV, Bocharov AV, Sklyarov VM, Mostovoy AA. Integrated control of the physical performance of athletes based on its determining factors. In: Topical issues of physical and adaptive physical education in the education system. Collection of materials from the III All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation, April 15–16, 2021. Vol. 3. Volgograd: Volgograd State Academy of Physical Culture; 2021. P. 52–56. EDN: HPBXYAPetrova VV, Fedotova IV, Bogomolova MM., et al. Assessing the physical performance of athletes during a specific stress test during an in-depth medical examination. Modern issues of biomedicine. 2023;7(3):27. EDN: IDWEDY doi 10.51871/2588-0500_2023_07_03_27Pleshkan AV, Chelokyan GYu, Mikhitarova NYu, et al. The state of the neuromuscular system and physical performance of figure skating and rhythmic gymnastics athletes. Resources of competitiveness of athletes: theory and practice of implementation. 2023;(13): 239–241. EDN: TTTQRQKhabibullin IM. The use of sports nutrition during physical education and sports. Pridneprovsky Scientific Bulletin. 2023;12(5):40–43. EDN: WRIYFFEmelyanov YuA, Ovchinnikov DV, Ryzhikov MA, Baranov YaV, Zhizhin VR, Semenov AA. The influence of equipment on the functional state and performance of military personnel with different body composition. News of the Russian Military Medical Academy. 2023; 42(2):115–123. EDN: YATOWJ