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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Российской Военно-медицинской академии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2713-2315</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2323</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">643138</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rmmar643138</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FWXHQX</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Single- and dual-energy computed tomography for brachiocephalic atherosclerosis imaging: review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможности моноэнергетической и двухэнергетической компьютерной томографии в визуализации атеросклеротического поражения брахиоцефальных артерий: обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5607-8550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galyautdinova</surname><given-names>Lina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галяутдинова</surname><given-names>Лина Эриковна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student of the Radiology and Medical Imaging Department with a Clinic</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры лучевой диагностики и медицинской визуализации с клиникой</p></bio><email>Lina_erikovna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7964-7857</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Beregovskii</surname><given-names>Daniil A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Береговский</surname><given-names>Даниил Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>resident of the Radiology and Medical Imaging Department with a Clinic</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор кафедры лучевой диагностики и медицинской визуализации с клиникой</p></bio><email>bereg.daniil96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4442-7228</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Basek</surname><given-names>Ilona V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басек</surname><given-names>Илона Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), the Head of the Radiolody Department, Associate Professor of the Radiology and Medical Imaging Department with a Clinic</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, зав. отделом лучевой диагностики, доцент кафедры лучевой диагностики и медицинской визуализации с клиникой</p></bio><email>Ilona.basek@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9528-9377</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57200255965</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6484-4327</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>Daria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Дарья Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>the Head of Radiation Diagnostics Department N 1, Assistant of the Radiology and Medical Imaging Department with a Clinic</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. отделением лучевой диагностики № 1, ассистент кафедры лучевой диагностики и медицинской визуализации с клиникой</p></bio><email>alekseeva_dv@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1611-5000</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3139-3581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trufanov</surname><given-names>Gennadiy E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Труфанов</surname><given-names>Геннадий Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, the Head of the Radiology and Medical Imaging Department with the Clinic</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой лучевой диагностики и медицинской визуализации с клиникой</p></bio><email>trufanovge@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Almazov National Medical Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>189</fpage><lpage>194</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-17"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-09"><day>09</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-08-05"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/643138">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/643138</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Brachiocephalic atherosclerosis remain the primary cause of acute cerebral ischemic events, such as ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. As reported by the World Health Organization, the ischemic stroke mortality has declined, however remains high at 117.9 per 100,000 population. Recent studies increasingly demonstrate that ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack are associated with signs of unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Advances in structural vascular imaging techniques, particularly in radiation-based techniques, now enable not only the assessment of stenosis severity but also the detailed evaluation of plaque composition and instability signs, such as intraplaque hemorrhages, lipid-rich necrotic cores with thin fibrous caps, calcifications, and neovascularization. Precise imaging of the extracranial carotid arteries is essential for accurate risk stratification. This review summarizes recent data on the imaging capabilities of computed tomography, including dual-energy computed tomography, in visualizing brachiocephalic atherosclerosis. The review is based on the scientific articles published over the past decade and retrieved from PubMed and eLibrary databases. The analysis includes the scientific articles, Russian and international clinical guidelines on carotid artery disease management that incorporate evidence-based experimental and clinical findings. Computed tomography has been established as a standard diagnostic tool for assessing brachiocephalic atherosclerosis; it is considered the gold standard for assessing stenosis severity and also provides valuable information on plaque morphology, ulceration, etc. Although dual-energy computed tomography broadens the scope to detect signs of unstable plaques, further research and standardization are required.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Атеросклеротическое поражение брахиоцефальных артерий остается основной причиной развития острых ишемических событий головного мозга, таких как ишемический инсульт и транзиторная ишемическая атака. Согласно данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, показатель смертности от ишемического инсульта, несмотря на тенденцию к снижению, является высоким и составляет 117,9 на 100 тыс. населения. В последние годы все больше исследований свидетельствует о связи ишемического инсульта и транзиторной ишемической атаки с наличием признаков нестабильности атеросклеротической бляшки. Благодаря быстрым достижениям в области структурной сосудистой визуализации лучевые методы исследования позволяют не только определить степень стеноза, но и оценить состав бляшек и выявить признаки нестабильности, включая внутрибляшечное кровоизлияние, богатое липидами некротическое ядро с тонкой фиброзной оболочкой, кальцификацию и даже неоваскуляризацию. Детальная оценка изображений экстракраниальных сонных артерий имеет решающее значение для стратификации риска. В статье представлен обзор литературы современных данных о возможностях визуализации атеросклероза брахиоцефальных артерий с помощью компьютерной томографии, в том числе двухэнергетической, за последние 10 лет с использованием ресурсов поисковых систем PubMed и eLIBRARY. Для данного анализа были использованы научные статьи, а также отечественные и зарубежные клинические рекомендации по ведению пациентов с атеросклерозом сонных артерий, содержащие доказательную экспериментальную и клиническую базу. Компьютерная томография входит в стандарт диагностики атеросклероза брахиоцефальных артерий, является золотым стандартом оценки степени стеноза, а также позволяет оценить качественные характеристики бляшки, наличие изъязвления и др. Двухэнергетическая компьютерная томография расширяет спектр возможностей визуализации признаков нестабильности, однако требует дальнейшего исследования и стандартизации.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dual-energy computed tomography</kwd><kwd>computed tomography of brachiocephalic arteries</kwd><kwd>computed tomography angiography</kwd><kwd>signs of unstable atherosclerotic plaques</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>двухэнергетическая компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография брахиоцефальных артерий</kwd><kwd>КТ-ангиография</kwd><kwd>признаки нестабильности атеросклеротической бляшки</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kamtchum-Tatuene J, Noubiap JJ, Wilman AH, et al. Prevalence of High-risk Plaques and Risk of Stroke in Patients With Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: A Meta-analysis. 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