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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Российской Военно-медицинской академии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2713-2315</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2323</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">677068</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rmmar677068</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">LZWPZR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Discussion</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Дискуссии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Mirror-image type III complete duplication of inferior vena cava: a distinct classification subtype or a variant of an existing one?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>«Зеркальный» III тип полного удвоения нижней полой вены: самостоятельный пункт классификации или вариант уже существующей?</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0367-3318</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8695-7123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shershnev</surname><given-names>Stanislav V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шершнев</surname><given-names>Станислав Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>st.xray@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6100-7085</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6225-9542</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Ивановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>katerina-lazareva-98@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9799-4616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ipatov</surname><given-names>Victor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ипатов</surname><given-names>Виктор Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>vmeda-nio@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1977-7536</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1147-3072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>Aleksey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>Алексей Анатольевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>vmeda-nio@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9269-4896</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheprakova</surname><given-names>Valentina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепракова</surname><given-names>Валентина Анатольевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>vmeda-nio@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4402-3485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khugaeva</surname><given-names>Ornella D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хугаева</surname><given-names>Орнелла Джамбулатовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка</p></bio><email>vmeda-nio@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3780-2786</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4789-7405</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutatov</surname><given-names>Ruslan Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутатов</surname><given-names>Руслан Заурбекович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>vmeda-nio@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Hospital No. 4 of Sochi</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская больница № 4 г. Сочи</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children Hospital of Ussuriysk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детская больница г. Уссурийска</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>495</fpage><lpage>502</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-11"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-13"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-11-25"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/677068">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/677068</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a case of duplication of the inferior vena cava detected as an incidental finding in a 62-year-old patient who underwent computed tomography of the chest and abdomen for rectal cancer. Imaging revealed duplication of the inferior vena cava, with the left trunk exceeding both the right trunk and the aorta-crossing trunk in diameter. Both trunks were formed by anastomosing common iliac veins. Duplication of the left renal artery and vein was also noted; the lower left renal vein drained directly into the left trunk of the inferior vena cava, which then joined the upper renal vein and crossed the aorta as a single trunk before merging with the right inferior vena cava. The further course of the inferior vena cava to the right atrium was anatomically normal. The currently existing classification of inferior vena cava duplication does not provide a definitive description for the variant identified in this patient, creating difficulty in formulation of the medical conclusion. The observed anatomy most closely corresponded to Type III duplication, in which the right trunk normally exceeds the left and the aorta-crossing trunk in diameter. Based on the radiologic features and morphometric measurements of the duplicated inferior vena cava trunks, we assume that this represents a rare mirror-image anatomic variant of Type III duplication, in which the left trunk has the greatest diameter. Scientific data review revealed two additional reports describing similar duplication cases (three previously reported patients in total). In one publication this variant was suggested as a Type IV duplication, whereas in another, classification was not provided. Whether this anatomical pattern should be considered an independent Type IV duplication or a mirror-image modification of Type III remains debatable and merits discussion from an anatomical nomenclature standpoint. However, larger patient samples would be required, which is challenging owing to the rarity of the present anatomic variant.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье рассматривается случай вариантной анатомии при удвоении нижней полой вены, выявленный как случайная находка у пациента 62 лет, проходившего компьютерно-томографическое обследование органов груди и живота по поводу онкологического заболевания прямой кишки. В ходе обследования у пациента было выявлено удвоение нижней полой вены, при этом ее левый ствол по своей ширине превышал и правый ствол, и ствол, пересекающий аорту. Оба ствола нижней полой вены формировались из анастомозирующих между собой общих подвздошных вен. Также было отмечено удвоение левых почечных артерии и вены, при этом нижняя левая почечная вена впадала непосредственно в левый ствол нижней полой вены, которая, в свою очередь, сливалась с верхней почечной веной, пересекаясь с аортой общим стволом с последующим слиянием с правой нижней полой веной. Дальнейший ход нижней полой вены до впадения в правое предсердие соответствовал нормальному анатомическому. Существующая в настоящий момент классификация удвоения нижней полой вены не предусматривает однозначной трактовки выявленного нами варианта, в связи с чем возникли трудности с формулировкой медицинского заключения. В наибольшей степени обнаруженный вариант был приближен к III типу удвоения по существующей классификации, согласно которому правый ствол по ширине превышает левый и ствол, пересекающий аорту. Исходя из лучевой картины и морфометрических показателей размеров стволов удвоенной нижней полой вены, мы предполагаем, что имеет место малоизвестный анатомический вариант «зеркального» III типа удвоения с наибольшим диаметром именно левого ствола. Изучение литературных источников позволило выявить две работы, в которых также встречался аналогичный вариант удвоения (всего ранее было описано три подобных случая), при этом в одной из публикаций предлагалось классифицировать его как IV тип удвоения, в другой был отмечен сам факт его наличия, но рекомендации по классификации не давались. Вопрос, следует ли считать выявленный нами вариант удвоения самостоятельным IV либо же «зеркальным» III типом, на наш взгляд, остается дискутабельным и целесообразным к рассмотрению с точки зрения анатомической номенклатуры. Однако требуется большая выборка пациентов, что затруднительно по причине редкости представленного анатомического варианта.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anatomic variant</kwd><kwd>vascular anatomy</kwd><kwd>computed tomography</kwd><kwd>contrast enhancement</kwd><kwd>inferior vena cava</kwd><kwd>renal artery</kwd><kwd>renal vein</kwd><kwd>duplication</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анатомический вариант</kwd><kwd>анатомия сосудов</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>контрастное усиление</kwd><kwd>нижняя полая вена</kwd><kwd>почечная артерия</kwd><kwd>почечная вена</kwd><kwd>удвоение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Aljabri B, McDonald PS, Satin R, et al. Incidence of major venous and renal anomalies relevant to aortoiliac surgery as demonstrated by computed tomography. 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