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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Российской Военно-медицинской академии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2713-2315</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2323</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">678608</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rmmar678608</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">AISVKU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ecology of dengue virus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология вируса денге</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3457-4788</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3683-6054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>Margarita O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>Маргарита Олеговна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lecturer of the Biology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>преподаватель кафедры биологии</p></bio><email>sokolova.rita@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3731-1756</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2502-8831</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovyov</surname><given-names>Aleksey I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьев</surname><given-names>Алексей Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, the Head of the Biology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой биологии</p></bio><email>solopiter@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8094-8222</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blyumkin</surname><given-names>George B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блюмкин</surname><given-names>Джордж Борисович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>lecturer of the Biology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>преподаватель кафедры биологии</p></bio><email>blumbiology@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6286-9946</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3570-2580</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltsev</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцев</surname><given-names>Олег Вениаминович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), the Deputy Head of the Infectious Diseases Department (with a course in medical parasitology and tropical diseases)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, зам. нач. кафедры инфекционных болезней (с курсом медицинской паразитологии и тропических заболеваний)</p></bio><email>dr.snegur@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-5933</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3460-3083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Luong</surname><given-names>Mo Thi</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лыонг</surname><given-names>Мо Тхи</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="VN">Viet Nam</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chemistry)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат химических наук</p></bio><email>luongmo@vrtc.org.vn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9753-8322</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8455-6679</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloveva</surname><given-names>Polina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьева</surname><given-names>Полина Алексеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>resident of the Infectious Diseases Department (with a course in parasitology and tropical diseases)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор кафедры (инфекционных болезней (с курсом паразитологии и тропических болезней)</p></bio><email>linalimoon160301@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3185-516X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2297-6884</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Uskov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усков</surname><given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, the Head of the Organization of Medical Care for Adults Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, начальник отдела организации оказания медицинской помощи взрослым</p></bio><email>aouskov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Southern Branch</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Южное отделение совместного Российско-Вьетнамского тропического научно-исследовательского и технологического центра</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>219</fpage><lpage>227</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-16"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-26"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-08-05"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/678608">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/678608</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Dengue virus and its interactions with <italic>Aedes</italic> mosquito vectors and human hosts have garnered significant scientific interest over the past decade. Despite extensive research, many aspects of these interactions remain poorly understood, highlighting the need for further investigation to develop effective therapeutic and preventive strategies to reduce the spread of dengue virus and the prevalence of the disease. The key challenges underpinning the relevance of dengue virus studies include the insufficient current preventive measures, the limited efficacy of approved vaccines, the absence of antiviral therapies with proven clinical efficacy, the risk of complications, and other factors. The review provides a characterization of dengue virus virions, highlighting the four virus serotypes, mutation rates and genome evolution. Genotypic and serotypic variations, which are regularly identified through the study of regional viral circulation, have the potential to give rise to new dengue strains, which can cause subsequent epidemics. The review details the stages of the viral life cycle in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Viral replication, transcription, and translation within cells of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts are examined, along with both typical and atypical routes of infection transmission. The ecology of <italic>A. aegypti</italic> and <italic>A. albopictus</italic> vectors, vector competence and the factors that reduce vector competence under natural conditions are discussed. Strategies for targeted intervention in the interactions between the pathogen, vector, and vertebrate host are examined. The most probable driver for the global expansion of the virus is the active migration of infected individuals. Research focused on identifying critical points in the protein interactions of the pathogen, vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, and exploring mechanisms to inhibit these interactions, appears promising for reducing the risk of dengue infection. The detection of imported cases of dengue fever in Russia underscores the need to implement measures for increasing public awareness regarding transmissible diseases and to minimize contact with potentially infected individuals when visiting tropical and subtropical regions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Возбудитель лихорадки денге, его взаимодействие с комарами <italic>Aedes</italic> и организмом человека вызывают пристальное внимание исследователей на протяжении последнего десятилетия. Несмотря на значительное количество научных публикаций в этой области, знания о механизмах такого взаимодействия содержат множество пробелов, заполнение которых создаст перспективы для разработки набора лечебных и профилактических мероприятий по борьбе с заболеваемостью и распространением вируса лихорадки денге. Ключевые проблемы, обусловливающие актуальность изучения вируса лихорадки денге, включают недостаточную полноту профилактических мер, малую эффективность одобренных вакцин против этого вируса, отсутствие противовирусной терапии с доказанной клинической эффективностью, существование риска развития осложнений при инфицировании и некоторые другие. В обзоре приводится характеристика вирионов вируса лихорадки денге, освещается информация о четырех серотипах вируса, скорости мутационного процесса и эволюции его генома. Генотипические и серотипические изменения, регулярно выявляемые при исследовании циркуляции вируса на ограниченной территории, способны привести к появлению новых штаммов вируса лихорадки денге, которые в дальнейшем могут стать причиной возникновения последующих эпидемий. Также в обзоре приводятся сведения об этапах жизненного цикла вируса в позвоночном и беспозвоночном хозяев. Рассматриваются процессы репликации, транскрипции и трансляции вируса в клетках позвоночного и беспозвоночного хозяев, а также типичные и атипичные пути передачи инфекции. Обсуждаются экология переносчиков <italic>A. aegypti </italic>и <italic>A. albopictus</italic>, вопрос векторной компетентности переносчиков и факторы, понижающие векторную компетентность в естественных условиях. Рассматриваются стратегии целевого вмешательства во взаимодействие патогена, переносчика и позвоночного хозяина. Наиболее вероятная причина экспансии вируса в мире — активная миграция людей, инфицированных вирусом лихорадки денге. Перспективными кажутся исследования, направленные на определение критических точек в белковом взаимодействии патогена, позвоночного и беспозвоночного хозяев, поиске механизмов ингибирования этого взаимодействия для снижения вероятности инфицирования вирусом лихорадки денге. Выявление завозных случаев заболевания лихорадкой денге на территории Российской Федерации говорит о необходимости введения мер по информированию населения о трансмиссивных болезнях и необходимости минимизации контактов с предположительно инфицированным переносчиком при посещении тропических и субтропических регионов.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>DENV</kwd><kwd>dengue fever</kwd><kwd>transmissible diseases</kwd><kwd>phylogeny of viruses</kwd><kwd>gene evolution</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>DENV</kwd><kwd>лихорадка денге</kwd><kwd>трансмиссивные заболевания</kwd><kwd>филогения вирусов</kwd><kwd>эволюция генов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Weaver SC, Vasilakis N. 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