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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Российской Военно-медицинской академии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2713-2315</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2323</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">678747</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rmmar678747</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">UHUWRR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate and progression of chronic kidney disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Уремический токсин индоксил сульфат и прогрессирование хронической болезни почек</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9543-9646</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5708-0212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabova</surname><given-names>Tatiana S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr.Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Nephrology and Efferent Therapy Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры нефрологии и эфферентной терапии</p></bio><email>tita74@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-3797</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7764-0930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belskikh</surname><given-names>Andrey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бельских</surname><given-names>Андрей Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Corresponding Member of RAS, MD, Dr.Sci. (Medicine), professor the Head of the Nephrology and Efferent Therapy Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>чл.-корр. РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор,заведующий кафедрой нефрологии и эфферентной терапии</p></bio><email>d0c62@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>207</fpage><lpage>217</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-21"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-07"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-08-05"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/678747">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/678747</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic kidney disease is a progressive disease, which is characterized by a decline in renal function due to various underlying causes. A frequent outcome shared by nearly all chronic and progressive nephropathies is renal fibrosis. Current evidence highlights multiple mechanisms involved in renal fibrosis, including natural aging processes, glomerular hyperperfusion, intratubular hypertension and hyperfiltration, alterations in the expression of mediators responsible for cellular and structural damage, etc. The progression of fibrosis is accompanied by the decline in the renal function, resulting in uremic syndrome characterized by the accumulation of various substances known as uremic toxins. They include low-molecular water-soluble compounds, protein-bound molecules, and medium-molecular compounds. Recent studies suggest that uremic toxins can contribute to the progression of fibrosis. This review summarizes data from retrospective, prospective, and experimental studies, and systematic reviews regarding the impact of uremic toxins on the progression of renal fibrosis. The data were retrieved from bibliographic databases such as MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and eLibrary. Only articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals were included. The search strategy was based on the key terms including хроническая болезнь почек (chronic kidney disease), уремические токсины (uremic toxins), индоксил сульфат (indoxyl sulfate), фиброз почек (renal fibrosis), and эпителиально-мезенхимальный переход (epithelial-mesenchymal transition). Lists of all relevant articles and systematic reviews were manually examined. A total of 114 full-text articles were reviewed, with 60 selected for this review. The review highlights the role of indoxyl sulfate as an active contributor to renal fibrosis, rather than a consequence of chronic kidney disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Хроническая болезнь почек — это прогрессирующее заболевание, приводящее к их дисфункции по разным причинам. Общим конечным этапом почти всех хронических и прогрессирующих нефропатий является фиброз почек. Сегодня накоплены данные, свидетельствующие о различных механизмах, участвующих в формировании фиброза почечной ткани. К ним относятся естественное старение организма, гиперперфузия клубочков, внутриклубочковая гипертензия и гиперфильтрация, изменения экспрессии медиаторов клеточного и структурного повреждения и многое другое. При развитии фиброза происходит нарушение функции почек, что, в свою очередь, сопровождается накоплением различных веществ, в том числе уремических токсинов, которые вызывают уремический синдром. К уремическим токсинам относятся низкомолекулярные водорастворимые соединения, соединения, связанные с белками, и среднемолекулярные соединения. Сегодня имеются данные, что сами уремические токсины способствуют прогрессированию фиброза. В обзорную статью включены ретроспективные, проспективные, экспериментальные исследования, систематические обзоры, посвященные влиянию уремических токсинов на прогрессирование фиброза почечной ткани. Поиск проводился в библиографических базах MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, eLibrary. Для обзора отобраны статьи, опубликованные только в рецензируемых научных журналах. Стратегия поиска представляла собой поисковый запрос по ключевым терминам «хроническая болезнь почек», «уремические токсины», «индоксил сульфат» «фиброз почек», «эпителиально-мезенхимальный переход». Вручную рассматривались списки всех опубликованных статей и соответствующих систематических обзоров. Всего просмотрено 114 полных статей, 60 из которых были включены в настоящий обзор. В нем рассматривается роль индоксил сульфата не как следствие прогрессирующего заболевания почек, а как фактора, который сам стимулирует это прогрессирование.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>renal fibrosis</kwd><kwd>uremic toxins</kwd><kwd>indoxyl sulfate</kwd><kwd>epithelial-mesenchymal transition</kwd><kwd>cell aging</kwd><kwd>transforming growth factor-β1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>фиброз почек</kwd><kwd>уремические токсины</kwd><kwd>индоксил сульфат</kwd><kwd>эпителиально-мезенхимальный переход</kwd><kwd>старение клеток</kwd><kwd>трансформирующий фактор роста-β1</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. 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