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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Российской Военно-медицинской академии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2713-2315</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2323</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">693124</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rmmar693124</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JJJOYV</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Conference Proceedings</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Материалы конгресса</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ischemic stroke in combat conditions. Vasculocerebral injury</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ишемический инсульт в условиях боевых действий. Васкулоцеребральная травма</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8988-3011</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6112-2792</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinenko</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвиненко</surname><given-names>Игорь Вячеславович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>izvestiavmeda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5881-2242</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1006-2845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygan</surname><given-names>Nikolay V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыган</surname><given-names>Николай Васильевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>izvestiavmeda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3756-6214</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6439-6701</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolomentsev</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коломенцев</surname><given-names>Сергей Витальевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>izvestiavmeda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5316-4832</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2515-2435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golokhvastov</surname><given-names>Sergey Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голохвастов</surname><given-names>Сергей Юрьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>izvestiavmeda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4845-5368</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>Ruslan V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>Руслан Валерьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>izvestiavmeda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7314-7711</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1155-9732</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Odinak</surname><given-names>Miroslav M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Одинак</surname><given-names>Мирослав Михайлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корреспондент РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>izvestiavmeda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3922-9887</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3184-5590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svistov</surname><given-names>Dmitriy V. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свистов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>izvestiavmeda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-6119</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3185-9332</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savello</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савелло</surname><given-names>Александр Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>izvestiavmeda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3244-9561</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kitachev</surname><given-names>Kirill V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Китачёв</surname><given-names>Кирилл Витальевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>izvestiavmeda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1239-9796</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9295-5923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikishin</surname><given-names>Vasiliy O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никишин</surname><given-names>Василий Олегович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог</p></bio><email>izvestiavmeda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="kk"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="pt"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>367</fpage><lpage>380</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-14"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-27"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-11-25"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/693124">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/693124</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>During armed conflicts, the incidence of ischemic stroke among military personnel increases substantially compared with peacetime. In addition to the elevated risk of combat-related injuries, military service members are exposed to intense physical and emotional stress and extreme environmental factors, which contribute to the toll of both common (atherosclerotic arterial changes, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular diseases) and specific risk factors more typical of young adults (cardiac sources of embolism, non-inflammatory and inflammatory arteriopathies, coagulation disorders), as well as generate additional stroke risk factors unique to combat conditions. Firearm injuries have a special place in the pathogenesis of combat-related ischemic stroke. We have proposed and substantiated the term vasculocerebral injury. It is a distinct type of combat firearm injury, representing a cascade of sequential interrelated pathological changes occurring in the damaged major precerebral arteries (aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, common and internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries), cerebral arteries, their vascular territories, blood cellular elements, and surrounding tissues as a result of the complex damaging effect of a high-energy projectile (shock wave, lateral impact energy, vortex flow), ultimately leading to pathophysiologically heterogeneous secondary acute cerebrovascular lesions, including ischemic stroke. Clinical cases of vasculocerebral injury are presented. Early identification of cervical and cranial vascular injuries contributes to timely and optimal treatment tactic selection (surgical, conservative, including differentiated antithrombotic therapy) and improves ischemic stroke prevention during combat operations.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В период боевых действий число военнослужащих с ишемическим инсультом по сравнению с мирным временем существенно возрастает. Помимо повышенного риска получения боевых повреждений участники боевых действий подвергаются повышенным физическим и эмоциональным нагрузкам, воздействию экстремальных факторов, что способствует реализации основных (атеросклеротические изменения артерий, сахарный диабет, ожирение и болезни сердца) и специфических, более характерных для лиц молодого возраста (кардиальные источники эмболии, невоспалительные и воспалительные артериопатии, патология свертывающей системы и др.) факторов риска ишемического инсульта, а также формирует дополнительные факторы риска ишемического инсульта в боевых условиях. Особое место в патогенезе ишемического инсульта, развившегося в боевых условиях, занимают огнестрельные ранения и травмы. Нами предложено и обосновано понятие васкулоцеребральной травмы как особого вида боевого огнестрельного ранения, представляющего собой каскад последовательных взаимосвязанных патологических изменений, развивающихся в поврежденной магистральной прецеребральной (аорте, плечеголовном стволе, общих и внутренних сонных артериях, позвоночных артериях) или мозговой артерии, артериях ее сосудистого бассейна, а также форменных элементах крови, окружающих тканях в результате комплексного поражающего действия высокоэнергетического ранящего снаряда (ударной волны, энергии бокового удара, вихревого потока), который приводит к развитию патогенетически гетерогенных вторичных острых сосудистых повреждений головного мозга, в том числе по типу ишемического инсульта. Приведены клинические примеры васкулоцеребральной травмы. Ранняя диагностика повреждений сосудов шеи и головы способствует своевременному и оптимальному выбору тактики лечения (хирургического и консервативного лечения, в том числе дифференцированной антитромботической терапии) и улучшает профилактику ишемического инсульта в условиях боевых действий.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>combat-related condition</kwd><kwd>vasculocerebral injury</kwd><kwd>in-hospital ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>perioperative stroke</kwd><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>ischemic stroke in combat conditions</kwd><kwd>major vessel injury</kwd><kwd>ischemic stroke prevention</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>боевая патология</kwd><kwd>васкулоцеребральная травма</kwd><kwd>внутригоспитальный ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>ишемический инсульт в боевых условиях</kwd><kwd>периоперационный инсульт</kwd><kwd>повреждение магистральных сосудов</kwd><kwd>профилактика ишемического инсульта</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ma Z, He W, Zhou Y, et al. 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