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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Military Medical Academy Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Российской Военно-медицинской академии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2713-2315</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2323</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">693531</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rmmar693531</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">NQFUSN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>History of medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Исторические исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">On methods of blood pressure measurement: to 120th anniversary of N.S. Korotkoff’s discovery</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>К вопросу о методах исследования кровяного давления. К 120-летию открытия Н.С. Короткова</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5507-6975</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6157-4453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korovin</surname><given-names>Aleksandr E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коровин</surname><given-names>Александр Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>korsyrik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2655-8857</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6847-8947</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nemeshev</surname><given-names>Ivan D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Немешев</surname><given-names>Иван Дмитриевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Рostgraduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>ivan.nemeshev@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8408-5301</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5437-3457</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovchinnikov</surname><given-names>Dmitriy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овчинников</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Валерьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>marianiks777@gmail.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7529-6452</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3375-5520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyanichko</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляничко</surname><given-names>Мария Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Pedagogical), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. педагог. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>marianiks777@gmail.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8162-6020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mylnikov</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мыльников</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>s.mylnikoff@eco-vector.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6359-0026</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8879-0875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Churilov</surname><given-names>Leonid P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурилов</surname><given-names>Леонид Павлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>l.churilov@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НГУ физической культуры, спорта и здоровья им. П.Ф. Лесгафта</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector LLC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Эко-Вектор»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-11-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>485</fpage><lpage>493</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-16"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-30"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-11-25"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/693531">https://journals.eco-vector.com/RMMArep/article/view/693531</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study presents a comprehensive historical and scientific analysis of the evolution of blood pressure measurement methods, dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the fundamental discovery made by Russian physician Nikolai S. Korotkoff. In 1905, he introduced the auscultatory method, which became a turning point in the development of cardiology and general medical diagnostics. The work covers more than two centuries of scientific progress—from the first invasive experiments by Stephen Hales in the 18th century, when blood pressure measurement required direct vascular access in animals, through the fundamental contributions by Bernoulli and Poiseuille that established the theoretical basis for understanding blood flow, to the development of the first non-invasive sphygmomanometers in the 19th century. Special attention is given to the contributions by Vierordt, Marey, and Riva-Rocci, whose developments created the technological foundation for Korotkoff’s discovery. A central part of this study is devoted to the detailed analysis of the revolutionary auscultatory method, which was initially met with skepticism by the medical society, but due to its simplicity, accuracy, and reproducibility, rapidly gained worldwide recognition and became the gold standard in clinical practice. From a modern scientific standpoint, the hemodynamic and biomechanical basis of Korotkoff sounds is described, explaining the physical nature of their appearance related to the transition of blood flow from laminar to turbulent during gradual arterial decompression. Advantages and limitations of the method are analyzed, considering it not only as a historical phenomenon but also as a current diagnostic tool retaining relevance in contemporary medicine. Particular emphasis is placed on the influence of the Korotkoff method on subsequent technologies for blood pressure measurement, including the oscillometric method, which dominates modern automatic and semi-automatic blood pressure meters but still requires calibration and validation against the auscultatory reference standard. The study highlights that Korotkoff’s discovery remains one of the most significant contributions of a Russian scientist to global medical science, preserving its practical and methodological value even 120 years after its introduction.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Настоящее исследование представляет собой комплексный научно-исторический анализ эволюции методов измерения артериального давления, приуроченный к 120-летию фундаментального открытия, сделанного русским врачом Николаем Сергеевичем Коротковым. В 1905 г. им был представлен звуковой (аускультативный) метод, ставший поворотным моментом в развитии кардиологии и общей медицинской диагностики. Работа охватывает более двух столетий научного прогресса — от первых инвазивных экспериментов Стивена Хейлса в XVIII в., когда измерение кровяного давления требовало прямого вмешательства в сосуды животных, через фундаментальные открытия в области гидродинамики Бернулли и Пуазейля, заложивших теоретические основы понимания природы кровотока, до создания первых неинвазивных сфигмоманометров в XIX в. Особое внимание уделяется вкладу таких ученых, как Фирордт, Марей и Рива-Роччи, чьи разработки создали необходимые технические предпосылки для открытия Короткова. Центральное место в исследовании занимает детальный анализ революционного открытия аускультативного метода, которое первоначально было встречено медицинским сообществом со скепсисом, но благодаря своей простоте, точности и воспроизводимости всего за несколько лет завоевало мировое признание и статус «золотого стандарта» в клинической практике. С современных научных позиций в работе раскрываются гемодинамические и биомеханические основы феномена «тонов Короткова», детально объясняется физическая природа их возникновения, связанная с переходом ламинарного кровотока в турбулентный при постепенной декомпрессии артерии. Авторы проводят системный анализ преимуществ и ограничений метода, рассматривая его не только как исторический феномен, но и как действующий диагностический инструмент, сохраняющий свою актуальность в современной медицинской практике. Особый интерес представляет анализ влияния метода Короткова на развитие последующих технологий измерения артериального давления, включая осциллометрический метод, который доминирует в современных автоматических и полуавтоматических тонометрах, но по-прежнему требует калибровки и верификации по аускультативному эталону. Исследование подчеркивает, что открытие Короткова стало одним из наиболее значительных вкладов российского ученого в мировую медицинскую науку, сохраняя свою практическую и методологическую ценность и через 120 лет после своего появления.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>blood pressure</kwd><kwd>auscultatory method</kwd><kwd>hemodynamics</kwd><kwd>history of medicine</kwd><kwd>cardiology</kwd><kwd>clinical practice</kwd><kwd>scientific discoveries</kwd><kwd>Nikolai Korotkoff</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериальное давление</kwd><kwd>аускультативный метод</kwd><kwd>гемодинамика</kwd><kwd>история медицины</kwd><kwd>кардиология</kwd><kwd>клиническая практика</kwd><kwd>научные открытия</kwd><kwd>Николай Коротков</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lewis O. Stephen Hales and the measurement of blood pressure. 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