Synthetic hexaploid wheat as a source of resistance to tan spot and stem rust pathogens



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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The pathogens causing tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Ptr) and stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, Pgt) are expanding their geographic range, leading to substantial yield losses and reduced grain quality. The search for resistance sources against these diseases remains a priority for breeding resistant cultivars. The artificially created gene pool of synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) represents a novel resource for this purpose.

AIM: This study aimed to: (i) evaluate SHW accessions for resistance to Russian populations of Ptr and Pgt; (ii) identify functional alleles of Tsn1, Tsc2, and a panel of Sr genes (Sr2, Sr13, Sr22, Sr24, Sr25, Sr26, Sr28, Sr32, Sr35, Sr36, Sr38, Sr39, Sr45, Sr50, Sr57, Sr31, and Sr1A1R) using molecular markers; and (iii) select promising resistance sources for use in breeding programs.

 

METHODS: A total of 43 SHW accessions were assessed for resistance to isolates from the Ufa and Kabardino‑Balkarian Ptr populations, as well as the Saratov and Chelyabinsk Pgt populations (samples were collected from susceptible cultivars in 2023 and 2024). The presence of Tsn1, Tsc2, and Sr genes was determined by PCR-based molecular markers and seedling phytopathological tests.

RESULTS: Sources of resistance to Ptr and Pgt were identified, including 13 accessions exhibiting combined (group) resistance. The dominant allele of the susceptibility gene Tsn1 was detected in 28 SHW accessions. However, no statistically significant association was found between the presence of dominant Tsn1 alleles and susceptibility to Ptr. All studied SHW accessions carried the recessive tsc2 allele, which confers resistance to the chlorosis‑inducing toxin Ptr ToxB. The stem rust‑resistant accessions did not carry any of the Sr genes tested (Sr2, Sr13, Sr22, Sr24, Sr25, Sr26, Sr28, Sr32, Sr35, Sr36, Sr38, Sr39, Sr45, Sr50, Sr57, Sr31, and Sr1A1R), suggesting the presence of other, as‑yet unidentified, Pgt resistance genes in the SHW genomes.

CONCLUSION: SHW accessions resistant to regional Ptr and Pgt populations can serve as valuable sources of group seedling resistance in common wheat breeding.

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About the authors

Nina V. Mironenko

All-Russian institute of plant protection

Author for correspondence.
Email: nina2601mir@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3383-2973
SPIN-code: 2047-7349

Dr. Sci. (Biol.)

Russian Federation, 3 Podbelsky highway, Saint Petersburg, Pushkin, 196608

Olga A. Baranova

All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection

Email: baranova_oa@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9439-2102
SPIN-code: 4868-9416

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburgб Pushkin, sh. Podbelskogo, 3

Taisiya R. Rastorgueva

All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection

Email: rastorguevataya@gmail.com
SPIN-code: 1532-1576

Магистрант

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburgб Pushkin, sh. Podbelskogo, 3

Nadezhda M. Kovalenko

All-Russian institute of plant protection

Email: nadyakov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9577-8816
SPIN-code: 9610-4614

PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

Russian Federation, 3 Podbelsky highway, Saint Petersburg, Pushkin, 196608

Elena I. Kirova

ВСЕРОССИЙСКИЙ НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ ЗАЩИТЫ РАСТЕНИЙ, Санкт-Петербург

Email: ekirova1911@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1016-2148
SPIN-code: 1833-9130
Russian Federation

Aida G. Khakimova

N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources

Email: a.hakimova@vir.nw.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0481-8462
Russian Federation

Olga P. Mitrofanova

N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources

Email: o.mitrofanova@vir.nw.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9171-2964
Scopus Author ID: 6602647964

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Main Research Associate

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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