COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES OF GREEN MASS OF LATHYRUS SATIVUS L. FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN, ABYSSINIAN, AND SOUTHWEST ASIAN CENTERS OF ORIGIN, REPRODUCED IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NORTHWEST OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION



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Abstract

Background. Vavilov considered common vetch to be a crop important for the development of the national economy, having both fodder and food value, especially in regions with arid climates and infertile soils. He identified three main centers of origin for Lathyrus sativus L., located in ancient agricultural centers.

The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical composition of the green mass of Lathyrus sativus L. specimens from the VIR collection of the Mediterranean, Abyssinian, and Southwest Asian centers of origin during reproduction in the Northwestern region of Russia.

Materials and Methods. The study material consisted of 25 specimens of common vetch green mass from different centers of origin, reproduced over two years in the Northwestern region of Russia. The contents of protein, chlorophyll, carotenes, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid were determined using methods adopted at VIR. Non-specific metabolomic profiles were analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry on an Agilent 6850 chromatograph (USA).

Results. The content of protein, pigments, ascorbic acid, and 11 groups of compounds were analyzed: organic and fatty acids, amino acids, phytosterols, alcohols, sugars, phenol-containing substances, terpenes, alkanes, glycosides, acylglycerols, and nucleosides, which comprise the metabolomic profile (MP). In total, more than 180 components were identified in the MP. Differences in the biochemical composition of vetch from different centers of origin under identical reproductive conditions were revealed.

Conclusion. Multivariate data analysis and classical statistical methods revealed significant differences in the metabolite profiles of samples from different centers of origin and identified metabolite markers that reliably differentiate them. The SC samples were characterized by high green mass yields and increased levels of sugars and alkanes, while the UC and AC samples were characterized by all other groups of compounds, including biologically active ones. The study results confirm the crop's potential for modern agri-food systems as a nutrient-rich crop, resistant to various environmental stresses, and for the development of modern varieties with specific properties for various applications.

 

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About the authors

Marina O. Burlyaeva

Email: m.burlyaeva@vir.nw.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3708-2594
SPIN-code: 7298-0174
Russian Federation

Alla Solovyeva

Federal Research Center
N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)
Ministry of science and higher education

Author for correspondence.
Email: alsol64@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6201-4294
SPIN-code: 1754-4144

Candidate of Biological Sciences,

Senior Researcher,

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Russian Federation

Tatiana V. Shelenga

Email: tatianashelenga@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3992-5353
SPIN-code: 3654-5416
Russian Federation

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Background. Lathyrus sativus L. is an environmentally sustainable legume crop that is widespread on four continents and has characteristics that are of interest for ensuring food security and developing adaptive agriculture. Vavilov considered L. sativus to be one of the crops that are important for the development of the state's economy, especially for regions with arid climates and infertile soils. He identified three main centers of origin (CO) for this species, which are located in ancient centers of agriculture. Samples from different CО differ significantly in terms of a complex of morphological, economically valuable, adaptive, and other characteristics. No previous research has been conducted on the non-specific metabolomic profiles of green mass samples of L. sativus from different CО and their relationship to economically significant properties of the crop.

The aim was to study the biochemical composition of the green mass of Lathyrus sativus L. samples from the VIR collection of the Mediterranean (MC), Abyssinian (AC), and South-West Asian (SC) centers of origin during reproduction in the North-West of the Russian Federation, for subsequent use in modern crop breeding. Materials and Methods. The study material consisted of 25 specimens of common vetch green mass from different centers of origin, reproduced over two years in the Northwestern region of Russia. The contents of protein, chlorophyll, carotenes, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid were determined using methods adopted at VIR. Non-specific metabolomic profiles were analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry on an Agilent 6850 chromatograph (USA).

Results. The content of protein, pigments, ascorbic acid, and 11 groups of compounds were analyzed: organic and fatty acids, amino acids, phytosterols, alcohols, sugars, phenol-containing substances, terpenes, alkanes, glycosides, acylglycerols, and nucleosides, which comprise the metabolomic profile (MP). In total, more than 180 components were identified in the MP. Differences in the biochemical composition of vetch from different centers of origin under identical reproductive conditions were revealed.

Conclusion. Multivariate analysis and classical statistical methods made it possible to characterize samples from different CO using metabolomic profiling and to identify metabolite markers that reliably differentiate them. Samples from SC were characterized by high green mass yield and an increased content of sugars and alkanes; samples from SC and AC were characterized by all other groups of compounds, including biologically active ones (homoarbutin, arbutin, ascorbic acid, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and carotenes). The results of the study confirm the prospects of the seed rank for modern agri-food systems as culture rich in nutrients, and resistant to various stressors, as well as for breeding modern varieties for different uses with specified properties.


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