Ecological geneticsEcological geneticsЭкологическая генетика1811-09322411-9202Eco-Vector1049010.17816/ecogen17119-32Genetic basis of ecosystems evolutionГенетические основы эволюции экосистемResearch ArticleEndophytic microorganisms in fundamental research and agricultureЭндофитные микроорганизмы в фундаментальных исследованиях и сельском хозяйствеVasilevaEkaterina N.ВасильеваЕкатерина Николаевна
Russian Federation

Student, Faculty of Biology, Department of Microbiology; Technician, Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions

студент, кафедра микробиологии, биологический факультет; техник 1-й категории, лаборатория генетики растительно-микробных взаимодействий

evasilieva@arriam.ruAkhtemovaGulnar A.АхтемоваГульнар Асановна
Russian Federation

PhD, Senior Scientist, Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions

канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория генетики растительно-микробных взаимодействий

ahgulya@yandex.ruZhukovVladimir A.ЖуковВладимир Александрович
Russian Federation

PhD, Head of the Lab, Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions

канд. биол. наук, заведующий лабораторией, лаборатория генетики растительно-микробных взаимодействий

vzhukov@arriam.ruTikhonovichIgor A.ТихоновичИгорь Анатольевич
Russian Federation

Sc.D., Professor PI, Academician of RAS; Dean of the Faculty, Faculty of Biology

д-р биол. наук, научный руководитель института, академик РАН; декан, биологический факультет

arriam2008@yandex.ruSaint Petersburg State UniversityФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural MicrobiologyФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной микробиологии»1503201917119322111201824122018Copyright ©; 2019, Vasileva E.N., Akhtemova G.A., Zhukov V.A., Tikhonovich I.A.Copyright ©; 2019, Васильева Е.Н., Ахтемова Г.А., Жуков В.А., Тихонович И.А.2019Vasileva E.N., Akhtemova G.A., Zhukov V.A., Tikhonovich I.A.Васильева Е.Н., Ахтемова Г.А., Жуков В.А., Тихонович И.А.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/10490

The ubiquity of endophytic microorganisms is an accepted fact nowadays and the possibility of using it in agriculture keeps attracting attention of scientific community. In contrast to rhizospheric (living on root surface) and phyllospheric (colonizing aerial parts of plants) members of plant-microbial interactions endophytes are able to establish closer relationships with host-plant, in some cases strongly influencing its phenotype, bringing benefits. However, these microorganisms do not form any specific structures like nodules in case of symbiosis between legumes and rhizobium bacteria. Having a great amount of functions including phytohormone level modulation, vitamins production and nutrient supply improving, endophytes could serve as a basis for biofertilizer, which could potentially minimize the necessity of mineral fertilizers, thus reducing the negative impact of the latter on soil fertility, biodiversity and human health. Our main aim here is to highlight the question of functional significance of endophytes and endophytic bacteria in particular, as well as the way of its application in agriculture and to identify key points in understanding biology of these organisms. In this review we will consider such aspects of plant-endophytic symbiosis as biodiversity of legume and non-legume endophytes, ecology of endophytes and some ways which are commonly in use by studying these microorganisms.

Повсеместное распространение эндофитных микроорганизмов является общепризнанным фактом, а открывающиеся возможности использования их в сельском хозяйстве вызывают огромный интерес к ним со стороны научного сообщества. В отличие от ризосферных (населяющих поверхность корней) и филлосферных (колонизирующих надземные органы) представителей растительно-микробного сообщества, эндофиты способны вступать с хозяином в более тесные взаимоотношения, в некоторых случаях сильно влияя на его фенотип и в целом принося определенную пользу, не формируя, однако, специфических структур, таких как клубеньки, в случае бобово-ризобиального симбиоза. Выполняя целый набор функций, среди которых модуляция уровней фитогормонов, продукция витаминов и улучшение снабжения питательными веществами, эндофиты могут служить основой для биопрепаратов, что позволит в перспективе снизить необходимость использования минеральных удобрений в практике сельского хозяйства и вследствие этого негативное влияние последних на плодородие почв, биоразнообразие и здоровье человека. В этом обзоре рассмотрены такие аспекты растительно-эндофитного симбиоза, как биоразнообразие эндофитов бобовых и небобовых культур, экология данных микроорганизмов, вопросы их функциональной значимости, распространенные способы изучения, а также возможности их применения в сельском хозяйстве.

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