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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экологическая генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1811-0932</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-9202</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11493</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ecogen17339-46</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Genetic basis of ecosystems evolution</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генетические основы эволюции экосистем</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Identification of sequences encoding for ncr-peptides and defensins in the ‘meta-assembly’ of transcriptome of pea (pisum sativum l.) Nitrogen-fixing nodules</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Идентификация последовательностей, кодирующих ncr-пептиды и дефензины, в метасборке транскриптома азотфиксирующих клубеньков гороха посевного (pisum sativum l.)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zorin</surname><given-names>Evgeny A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зорин</surname><given-names>Евгений Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>engineer-researcher, Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-microbe Interactions</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инженер-исследователь, лаборатория генетики растительно-микробных взаимодействий</p></bio><email>kjokkjok8@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kliukova</surname><given-names>Marina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюкова</surname><given-names>Марина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>engineer-researcher, Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-microbe Interactions</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инженер-исследователь, лаборатория генетики растительно-микробных взаимодействий</p> <p> </p></bio><email>marina.kliukova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulaeva</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулаева</surname><given-names>Ольга Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Phd, Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-microbe Interactions</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория генетики растительно-микробных взаимодействий</p> <p> </p></bio><email>okulaeva@arriam.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Afonin</surname><given-names>Alexey M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афонин</surname><given-names>Алексей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>engineer-researcher, Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-microbe Interactions</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инженер-исследователь, лаборатория генетики растительно-микробных взаимодействий</p></bio><email>afoninalexeym@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonovich</surname><given-names>Igor A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонович</surname><given-names>Игорь Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PI, academician of RAS, Sc. D., professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный руководитель института, академик РАН, д.б.н., профессор</p></bio><email>arriam2008@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukov</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуков</surname><given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Phd, head of laboratory, Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-microbe Interactions</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией, лаборатория генетики растительно-микробных взаимодействий</p></bio><email>vzhukov@arriam.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “All-Russia Research Institute for   Agricultural Microbiology”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение “Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной микробиологии”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение “Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной микробиологии”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"> Federal State Budget Educational institution of higher education "Saint Petersburg state University"</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru"> Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования “Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет” &#13;
  </institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2019-07-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-07-12"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Zorin E.A., Kliukova M.S., Kulaeva O.A., Afonin A.M., Tikhonovich I.A., Zhukov V.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Зорин Е.А., Клюкова М.С., Кулаева О.А., Афонин А.М., Тихонович И.А., Жуков В.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zorin E.A., Kliukova M.S., Kulaeva O.A., Afonin A.M., Tikhonovich I.A., Zhukov V.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зорин Е.А., Клюкова М.С., Кулаева О.А., Афонин А.М., Тихонович И.А., Жуков В.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/11493">https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/11493</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> The active and careless applying of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture leads to the emergence of resistance to the existing antimicrobial drugs, which reduces the effectiveness of their use. One of the ways to solve this problem is the development of new antibiotics based on plant peptides with antimicrobial activity, for example plant defensins (which identified in all plants) and NCR peptides that are specifically synthesized in nodules of some leguminous plants.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>In the present study, a meta-assembly of a transcriptome was constructed based on publicly available RNA-sequencing transcriptomes of pea nodules (<italic>Pisum sativum</italic> L.). This meta-assembly was used to search for sequences encoding antimicrobial peptides.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>As a result, 55 and 908 unique sequences encoding defensins and NCR peptides, respectively, were identified. The recognition site for the signal peptidase was predicted and sequences were divided into the signal and mature part of the peptide. Among mature defensins, 22 peptides possess <italic>in silico</italic> predicted antimicrobial activity, and for the NCR peptides family their number was 422.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Sequences encoding defensins and NCR peptides expressed in nitrogen-fixing pea nodules were identified. They are candidates for testing their antimicrobial activity <italic>in vitro</italic>.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Активное и зачастую бесконтрольное применение антибиотиков в медицине и сельском хозяйстве приводит к возникновению резистентности к используемым веществам, что снижает эффективность их применения. Один из способов решения данной проблемы — разработка новых антибиотиков на основе растительных пептидов, обладающих антимикробной активностью. К таковым относятся дефензины (характерные для всех растений) и NCR-пептиды, специфически синтезируемые в клубеньках некоторых бобовых растений. В настоящем исследовании из доступных данных РНК-секвенирования транскриптома клубеньков гороха посевного (<italic>Pisum sativum</italic> L.) была получена метасборка транскриптома, использованная для поиска последовательностей, кодирующих антимикробные пептиды. В результате было идентифицировано 55 и 908 уникальных последовательностей, кодирующих дефензины и NCR-пептиды соответственно. Последовательности, для которых был предсказан сайт узнавания сигнальной пептидазой, были разделены на сигнальную и зрелую части пептида. Среди зрелых дефензинов антимикробной активностью, предсказанной <italic>in silico</italic>, обладают 22 пептида, среди представителей семейства NCR-пептидов — 422 последовательности. Таким образом, были идентифицированы гены, экспрессирующиеся в азотфиксирующих клубеньках гороха и кодирующие дефензины и NCR-пептиды, являющиеся кандидатами для проверки их антимикробной активности в опытах <italic>in vitro</italic>.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plant antimicrobial peptides</kwd><kwd>nitrogen-fixing nodules</kwd><kwd>rhizobial-legume symbiosis</kwd><kwd>P. sativum</kwd><kwd>transcriptome</kwd><kwd>defensins</kwd><kwd>NCR peptides</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антимикробные пептиды растений</kwd><kwd>азотфиксирующие клубеньки</kwd><kwd>бобово-ризобиальный симбиоз</kwd><kwd>P. sativum</kwd><kwd>транскриптомика</kwd><kwd>дефензины</kwd><kwd>NCR-пептиды</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Foundation for Basic Research</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский фонд фундаментальных исследований</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id></award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government task</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственное задание</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id></award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Aslam B, Wang W, Arshad MI, et al. 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