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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экологическая генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1811-0932</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-9202</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">12637</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ecogen1735-12</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Genetic basis of ecosystems evolution</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генетические основы эволюции экосистем</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of epitope distribution of arabinogalactan protein-extensins in pea (Pisum Sativum) nodules of wild-type and mutants impaired in infection thread growth</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ распределения эпитопов арабиногалактанпротеинов-экстензинов в клубеньках гороха (pisum sativum) дикого типа и мутантов с нарушениями роста инфекционной нити</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-4298</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9149-5662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyganova</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганова</surname><given-names>Анна Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Scientist of the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной и клеточной биологии</p></bio><email>isaakij@mail.ru</email><uri>http://arriam.ru/departments/laboratoriya-molekulyarnoj-i-kletochnoj-biologii/</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6120-2464</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Brewin</surname><given-names>Nicholas J.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бревин</surname><given-names>Николас Дж.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="GB">United Kingdom</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Emeritus Fellow, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Почетный член, профессор</p></bio><email>nick.brewin@jic.ac.uk</email><uri>https://www.jic.ac.uk/people/professor-nick-brewin/</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-8689</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6532-1332</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyganov</surname><given-names>Viktor E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганов</surname><given-names>Виктор Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biotechnology; Senior Scientist of Saint Petersburg Scientific Center RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной и клеточной биологии; старший научный сотрудник Санкт-Петербургского научного центра РАН</p></bio><email>tsyganov@arriam.spb.ru</email><uri>http://arriam.ru/departments/laboratoriya-molekulyarnoj-i-kletochnoj-biologii/</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной микробиологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">John Innes Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр Джона Иннеса</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg Scientific Center RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский научный центр РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2019-06-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-05-08"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-06-26"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Tsyganova A.V., Brewin N., Tsyganov V.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Цыганова А.В., Бревин Н., Цыганов В.Е.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsyganova A.V., Brewin N., Tsyganov V.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цыганова А.В., Бревин Н., Цыганов В.Е.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/12637">https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/12637</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> During the colonization of root and nodule tissues of legumes by rhizobia, bacterial cells are immersed in a plant extracellular matrix which includes arabinogalactan protein-extensins (AGPE).</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Immunogold electron microscopy with monoclonal antibodies MAC204 and MAC236 was used to analyse the distribution and abundance of epitopes of AGPE in wild-type and symbiotically defective pea mutants.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> In the nodules of the wild-type line SGE, both AGPE epitopes were detected to the same extent in the matrix of infection threads and infection droplets. In the nodules of the mutant line SGEFix−-1 (<italic>sym40</italic>), the level of labelling by MAC204 was significantly higher than with SGE in both infection threads and infection droplets, but the level of labelling by MAC236 was only increased in the infection droplets. In the mutant line SGEFix−-2 (<italic>sym33-3</italic>), a relatively high level of both epitopes was observed among all analysed genotypes. The double mutant line RBT3 (<italic>sym33-3, sym40</italic>) showed an intermediate level of labelling for both epitopes in infection threads compared with the parental mutants. In SGEFix−-1, an abnormal distribution of both epitopes was observed in the intercellular space matrix. The MAC204 epitope was found in the cell walls of SGEFix−-1 and in the infection thread walls of SGEFix−-2, whereas in RBT3 this epitope was detected in both types of walls.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> The <italic>sym33-3</italic> and <italic>sym40</italic> mutations have different effects on the accumulation of AGPE epitopes recognised by MAC204 and MAC236. This indicates that both the <italic>Sym33</italic> and the <italic>Sym40</italic> genes affect the composition of AGPE in the matrix of infection threads and infection droplets.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Арабиногалактанпротеин-экстензины (AGPE) играют важную роль на нескольких стадиях бобово-ризобиального симбиоза, включая колонизацию корней и развитие инфекционных структур, особенно инфекционных нитей. Основное внимание в этом исследовании уделено участию AGPE в последовательной колонизации тканей и клеток ризобиями. Для анализа распределения и количества эпитопов AGPE в клубеньках гороха дикого типа и неэффективных симбиотических мутантов была использована иммуноэлектронная микроскопия с моноклональными антителами MAC204 и MAC236. В клубеньках линии дикого типа SGE оба эпитопа AGPE были одинаково распределены в матриксе инфекционных нитей и инфекционных капель. В клубеньках мутантной линии SGEFix<sup>–</sup>-1 (<italic>sym40</italic>) количество метки MAC204 было значительно выше, чем у SGE, как в инфекционных нитях, так и в инфекционных каплях, но количество метки MAC236 было увеличено только в инфекционных каплях. У мутантной линии SGEFix<sup>–</sup>-2 (<italic>sym33-3</italic>) наблюдался самый высокий уровень обоих эпитопов среди всех анализируемых генотипов. У двойной мутантной линии RBT3 (<italic>sym33-3</italic>, <italic>sym40</italic>) зафиксирован промежуточный уровень накопления метки обоих эпитопов в инфекционных нитях по сравнению с родительскими мутантами. У SGEFix<sup>–</sup>-1 аномальное распределение обоих эпитопов наблюдалось в матриксе межклеточного пространства. Эпитоп MAC204 был обнаружен в клеточных стенках SGEFix<sup>–</sup>-1 и в стенках инфекционных нитей SGEFix<sup>–</sup>-2, тогда как у RBT3 этот эпитоп был выявлен в обоих типах стенок. Мутации <italic>sym33-3</italic> и <italic>sym40</italic> по-разному влияют на накопление эпитопов AGPE, распознаваемых MAC204 и MAC236. Это указывает на то, что оба гена <italic>Sym33</italic> и <italic>Sym40</italic> влияют на состав AGPE в матриксе инфекционных нитей и инфекционных капель.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>legume Rhizobium symbiosis</kwd><kwd>plant microbe interface</kwd><kwd>infection thread</kwd><kwd>symbiotic mutants</kwd><kwd>gene interaction</kwd><kwd>AGP-Extensin proteins</kwd><kwd>monoclonal antibodies</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бобоворизобиальный симбиоз</kwd><kwd>растительно-микробный интерфейс</kwd><kwd>инфекционная нить</kwd><kwd>симбиотические мутанты</kwd><kwd>взаимодействие генов</kwd><kwd>AGPE-гликопротеины</kwd><kwd>моноклональные антитела</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id></award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Brewin NJ. 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