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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экологическая генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1811-0932</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-9202</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">12993</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ecogen17415-26</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Genetic basis of ecosystems evolution</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генетические основы эволюции экосистем</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The assessment of the genetic structure of bush snail (Fruticicola fruticum) populations based on the nonspecific esterases loci</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка генетической структуры популяций кустарниковой улитки (Fruticicola fruticum) на основе локусов неспецифических эстераз</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">8237844300</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5655-7828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Snegin</surname><given-names>Eduard A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снегин</surname><given-names>Эдуард Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Biol. Sci., the senior lecturer, the director of the research center of genomic selection.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, доцент, директор научно-исследовательского центра геномной селекции.</p></bio><email>eduard_snegin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57190230662</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3402-6300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Snegina</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снегина</surname><given-names>Елена Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher of the research center of genomic selection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского центра геномной селекции.</p></bio><email>snegina@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56736930600</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1219-5591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemchuk</surname><given-names>Olesya Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемчук</surname><given-names>Олеся Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher of Research Center of Genomic Selection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского центра геномной селекции</p></bio><email>ris-med@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belgorod National Research University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belgorod national research university</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2019-10-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-06-01"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-10-18"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Snegin E.A., Snegina E.A., Artemchuk O.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Снегин Э.А., Снегина Е.А., Артемчук О.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Snegin E.A., Snegina E.A., Artemchuk O.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Снегин Э.А., Снегина Е.А., Артемчук О.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/12993">https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/12993</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Using the polymorphic esterases loci, the genetic structure of the gastropod mollusk <italic>Fruticicola</italic> (<italic>Bradybaena</italic>) <italic>fruticum </italic>Мüll., most of which lives in the south of the Central Russian Upland, was studied. For comparison, the samples were taken from the Romania, the North Caucasus, the Ural and the Vyatka regions. A total of the 1668 individuals were investigated. Of the 28 studied populations in 11 (39.3%), there was significant shortage of the heterozygotes. The level of the expected heterozygosity fluctuated in the range <italic>H</italic><italic><sub>e</sub></italic> = 0.116–0.454. Using the non-parametric statistics (Chao1-bc method and 1<sup>st</sup> order jackknife method), the populations with potentially high and low diversity of the multilocus genotypes were identified. The indicators of the genetic disunity between populations averaged Φ<italic><sub>st</sub></italic> = 0.276, <italic>F</italic><italic><sub>st</sub></italic> = 0.292. The principal component analysis and the Mantel correlation criterion <italic>R</italic><italic><sub>м</sub></italic> = –0.007 showed the absence of a reliable relationship between the geographical and genetic distance between populations, which indicates a violation of the isolation model by distance and confirms the thesis put forward by us that the urbanized forest-steppe landscape disrupts the natural migration processes, leads to the strong isolation and the genetic drift in the snail populations. At the same time, the phenomenon of increasing the degree of division of the populations against the background of reduced the allelic diversity, noted by us in many groups of bush snails, can be regarded as a shift in genetic equilibrium towards an increase in the interpopupulation diversity (according to the Wright model). The revealed absence of the effect of isolation by distance can be a consequence of the action of the stabilizing natural selection. The assumption of the dependence of the esterase alleles frequencies in the bush snail populations on the genetic (biochemical) characteristics of the food objects was proposed. The effective size, calculated using the Slatkin formula turned out to be comparable with the background, adventive and relict species of the terrestrial mollusks living in the study area (<italic>N</italic><italic><sub>e</sub></italic> = 2.2–7.6).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>С использованием локусов неспецифических эстераз была исследована популяционная структура наземного моллюска <italic>Fruticicola</italic> (<italic>Bradybaena</italic>) <italic>fruticum </italic>Мüll. в условиях Среднерусской возвышенности и других ландшафтов Восточной Европы. Из 28 исследованных популяций в 11 (39,3 %) наблюдался достоверный дефицит гетерозигот. Уровень ожидаемой гетерозиготности колебался в диапазоне <italic>H</italic><italic><sub>e</sub></italic> = 0,116–0,454. Используя непараметрическую статистику (метод Chao1-bc и метод «складного ножа») были выявлены популяции, обладающие потенциально высоким и низким разнообразием мультилокусных генотипов. Показатели генетической разобщенности популяций составили в среднем Φ<italic><sub>st</sub></italic> = 0,276, <italic>F</italic><italic><sub>st</sub></italic> = 0,292, при отсутствии достоверной связи географического и генетического расстояний между популяциями (<italic>R</italic><italic><sub>м</sub></italic> = –0,007). Эффективная численность, рассчитанная с помощью формулы Слаткина, оказалась сопоставимой с фоновыми, адвентивными и реликтовыми видами наземных моллюсков (<italic>N</italic><italic><sub>e</sub></italic> = 2,2–7,6), обитающими в районе исследования. Выдвигается предположение о зависимости частот аллелей эстераз в популяциях кустарниковой улитки от биохимических особенностей кормовых объектов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>terrestrial mollusks</kwd><kwd>esterases</kwd><kwd>population structure</kwd><kwd>multilocus genotypes</kwd><kwd>effective size</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наземный моллюск</kwd><kwd>эстеразы</kwd><kwd>популяционная структура</kwd><kwd>мультилокусные генотипы</kwd><kwd>эффективная численность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><award-id></award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Снегин Э.А. Эколого-генетические аспекты расселения Bradybaena fruticum (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pullmonata) в элементах лесостепного ландшафта // Экология. — 2005. – № 1. – С. 39–47. Snegin EA. 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