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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экологическая генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1811-0932</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-9202</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2425</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ecogen12352-59</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular genetic study of geographic forms of ladybird beetles Adalia bipunctata and A. frigida</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярно-генетическое изучение географических форм жуков Adalia bipunctata и A. frigida</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>Ilya Artemyevich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>Илья Артемьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Laboratory of insects genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Советник РАН, член-корр. РАН. Лаборатория генетики насекомых</p></bio><email>iaz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaikevich</surname><given-names>Yelena Vladimirovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шайкевич</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior researcher, PhD. Laboratory of insects genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. б. н., с. н. c. Лаборатория генетики насекомых</p></bio><email>elenashaikevich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н. И. Вавилова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 12, NO3 (2014)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 12, №3 (2014)</issue-title><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-03-30"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2014, Zakharov I.A., Shaikevich Y.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2014, Захаров И.А., Шайкевич Е.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharov I.A., Shaikevich Y.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захаров И.А., Шайкевич Е.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/2425">https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/2425</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: European ladybird Adalia bipunctata has forms with red and black color of the elytra. On the red elytra usually there are two round black spots, on the black - 2-4-6 red spots. A. b. turanica, A. b. revelierei, A. b. fasciatopunctata and A. frigida differ from the European A. b. bipunctata form by many spots on red or pink elytra. The taxonomic status of these forms is unclear. Materials and methods: We studied DNA diversity of the COI gene of mtDNA with C1-j-1951 и C1-N-2618 primers (Schulenburg et al., 2002) and ITS2 sequences of rRNA with 5,8S and 28S primers (Proft et al., 1999). The analysis of nucleotide polymorphism from aligned DNA sequences of both COI and ITS2 data was done using the MEGA4 software (Tamura et. al. 2007). Results: 20 variable mtDNA haplotypes in the COI gene were found among A. b. bipunctata, A. b. fasciatopunctata, A. b. revelierei and A. b. turanica, but none of them was unique to any form. All studied specimens of A. b. bipunctata, A. b. fasciatopunctata, A. b. revelierei and A. b. turanica, regardless of mitochondrial haplotype, had almost identical sequences of ITS2. Divergence recorded between species A. bipunctata and A. frigida is 1.8% in ITS2 and 4.3 % in COI. Conclusion: A. b. revelierei, A. b. turanica and A. b. fasciatopunctata are geographical variety (or subspecies) of A. bipunctata. Based on the differences in the DNA structure, we suggest that Adalia bipunctata and Adalia frigida are close but distinct indepentent species.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проведен анализ ДНК A. b. turanica, A. b. revelierei и A. b. fasciatopunctata, отличающихся от европейской формы A. b. bipunctata многими пятнами на красных или розовых надкрыльях и распространенных в краевых областях ареала: были обнаружены 20 вариабельных мт-гаплотипов по гену COI, но ни один из них не был уникальным для какой-либо из форм; все изученные особи, вне зависимости от митохондриального гаплотипа, обладали практически идентичными последовательностями ITS2. Формы A. bipunctata, которые входят в состав полиморфных популяций A. b. revelierei, A. b. turanica, A. b. fasciatopunctata, являются географическими разновидностями A. bipunctata. Различия в структуре ДНК позволяют считать Adalia bipunctata и Adalia frigida близкими, но самостоятельными видами.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Adalia</kwd><kwd>polymorphism of populations</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial DNA</kwd><kwd>nuclear DNA</kwd><kwd>adaptation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Adalia, полиморфизм популяций</kwd><kwd>мтДНК</kwd><kwd>ядерная ДНК</kwd><kwd>адаптация</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Бутько Е. В. (2005) Экология и внутривидовая изменчивость кокцинеллид (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) в Восточном Забайкалье. Автореферат диссертации канд. биол. наук. Улан-Удэ. 185 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Захаров И. А. (1996) Изучение наследования рисунка на надкрыльях у Adalia bipunctata. Генетика. Т. 32(4): С. 579-583.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Захаров И. А., Шайкевич Е. В. 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