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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экологическая генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1811-0932</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-9202</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">44618</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ecogen44618</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Genetic basis of ecosystems evolution</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генетические основы эволюции экосистем</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The expansin gene NtEXPA5 increases stress tolerance of tobacco hairy roots through an effect on the antioxidant system</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ген экспансина NtEXPA5 повышает стрессоустойчивость волосовидных корней табака через влияние на антиоксидантную систему</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1564-164X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">23094029400</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">N-3927-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8580-5347</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuluev</surname><given-names>Bulat R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулуев</surname><given-names>Булат Разяпович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, заведующий лабораторией геномики растений</p></bio><email>kuluev@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7336-2027</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">P-2298-2017</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8966-4290</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Musin</surname><given-names>Khalit G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусин</surname><given-names>Халит Галеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Plant Genomics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории геномики растений</p></bio><email>khalit.musin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">36344236800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1480-4353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakupova</surname><given-names>Alfira B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якупова</surname><given-names>Альфира Буребаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>alfiram@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биохимии и генетики – обособленное структурное подразделение Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Башкирский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2021-01-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-09-20"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-12-30"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Kuluev B.R., Musin K.G., Yakupova A.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuluev B.R., Musin K.G., Yakupova A.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/44618">https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/44618</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>BACKGROUND</italic><italic>:</italic> Expansins are non-enzymatic proteins involved in the softening of cell walls, the mechanism of action of which is associated with the weakening and breaking of hydrogen bonds between xyloglucans and cellulose microfibrils and is aimed at ensuring cell expansion.</p> <p><italic>THE AIM</italic> of our work was to obtain hairy roots of tobacco with constitutive expression of the <italic>NtEXPA5</italic> expansin gene, their morphometric analysis and assessment of the state of their antioxidant system in response to stress factors.</p> <p><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</italic> The hairy roots were obtained from transgenic tobacco plants expressing the <italic>NtEXPA5</italic> gene under the control of the 35S promoter.</p> <p><italic>RESULTS: </italic>Constitutive expression of the <italic>NtEXPA5</italic> gene promoted an increase in the length and dry weight of hairy roots both under normal conditions and under the action of salinity, copper sulfate, cadmium acetate, and mannitol. Both under normal conditions and under the action of stress factors in transgenic hairy roots, an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and the total antioxidate activity was recorded.</p> <p><italic>CONCLUSION:</italic> Expansins exert their positive effect on the productivity and stress tolerance of plants not only through their influence on cell expansion, but also through the effect on the antioxidant system.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Введение.</italic> Экспансины — это неферментативные белки, участвующие в размягчении клеточных стенок, механизм действия которых связан с ослаблением и разрывом водородных связей между ксилоглюканами и микрофибриллами целлюлозы и направлен на обеспечение роста клеток растяжением.</p> <p><italic>Целью</italic> работы было получение волосовидных (бородатых) корней табака с конститутивной экспрессией гена экспансина <italic>NtEXPA5</italic>, их морфометрический анализ и оценка состояния их антиоксидантной системы при действии стрессовых факторов.</p> <p><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic> Волосовидные корни табака были получены из трансгенных растений с повышенной экспрессией гена экспансина <italic>NtEXPA5</italic>.</p> <p><italic>Результаты.</italic> Конститутивная экспрессия гена <italic>NtEXPA5</italic> способствовала увеличению длины и сухого веса волосовидных корней как при нормальных условиях, так и при действии засоления, сульфата меди, ацетата кадмия и маннитола. Как при нормальных условиях, так и при действии стрессовых факторов в трансгенных волосовидных корнях было зафиксировано увеличение активности супероксиддисмутазы и общей антиоксидантной активности.</p> <p><italic>Выводы.</italic> Полученные результаты свидетельствуют, что экспансины оказывают свой позитивный эффект на продуктивность и стрессоустойчивость растений не только через влияние на рост клеток растяжением, но и через воздействие на антиоксидантную систему.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>expansins</kwd><kwd>hairy roots</kwd><kwd>salinity</kwd><kwd>copper</kwd><kwd>cadmium</kwd><kwd>mannitol</kwd><kwd>superoxide dismutase</kwd><kwd>catalase</kwd><kwd>peroxidase</kwd><kwd>total antioxidant capacity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экспансины</kwd><kwd>волосовидные корни</kwd><kwd>засоление</kwd><kwd>медь</kwd><kwd>кадмий</kwd><kwd>маннитол</kwd><kwd>суперосиддисмутаза</kwd><kwd>каталаза</kwd><kwd>пероксидаза</kwd><kwd>общая антиоксидантная активность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственное задание</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">State task</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>AAAA-A19-119021190011-0</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Грант Президента РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Grant of the President of the RF</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>МД-2304. 2020.4</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РФФИ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">RFFI</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>8-04-00118 А</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cosgrove DJ. 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