<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экологическая генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1811-0932</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-9202</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">5989</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ecogen14452-62</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Lux-biosensors: screening biologically active compounds for genotoxicity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Lux-биосенсоры: скрининг биологически активных соединений на генотоксичность</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Igonina</surname><given-names>Elena V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игонина</surname><given-names>Елена Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., research worker, Lab. of ecological genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук., научный сотрудник лаб. экологической генетики</p></bio><email>iev555@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marsova</surname><given-names>Mariya V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марсова</surname><given-names>Мария Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior research worker, Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник, лаб. генетики микроорганизмов</p></bio><email>masha_marsova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abilev</surname><given-names>Serikbai K</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абилев</surname><given-names>Серикбай Каримович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Deputy Directors</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, зам. директора по научной работе</p></bio><email>abilev@vigg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 14, NO4 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 14, №4 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-02-03"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Igonina E.V., Marsova M.V., Abilev S.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Игонина Е.В., Марсова М.В., Абилев С.К.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Igonina E.V., Marsova M.V., Abilev S.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Игонина Е.В., Марсова М.В., Абилев С.К.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/5989">https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/5989</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To study the ability of metal salts and pharmacologically active drugs to induce the oxidative stress and SOS response in bacteria, a set of lux-biosensors was used. The sensors were based on three E. coli strains carrying recombinant plasmids with lux-operon fused to the promoters of SoxS (superoxide dismutase), KatG (catalase-peroxidase) and ColD (colicin D) genes. The created biosensors were used to analyze the activity of 47 substances, with 16 of them identified to induce SOS-response and 6 - to induce oxidative stress. The results observed were compared to the previously published data on the mutagenic activity of the same 47 substances evaluated using Ames test. The comparison had shown full coincidence for 42 from 47 substances analyzed. We discuss the possibility to use the lux-based biosensors for the screening of the genetic activity of chemical compounds.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Для изучения способности солей металлов и фармакологически активных препаратов индуцировать в бактериальной клетке окислительный стресс и SOS-ответ использован набор lux-биосенсоров, состоящий из трех штаммов E. coli, несущих рекомбинантную плазмиду с lux-опероном, слитым с промоторами генов супероксиддисмутазы SoxS, каталазы KatG или колицина ColD. Изучена активность на lux-биосенсорах 47 веществ, из которых 16 индуцировали SOS-ответ, 6 - окислительный стресс. Сравнение полученных результатов с ранее опубликованными данными о мутагенной активности изученных веществ в тесте Эймса показало полное совпадение результатов для 42 веществ. Обсуждается возможность использования lux-биосенсоров для скрининга химических соединений на генетическую активность.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lux-biosensors</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>SOS-response</kwd><kwd>Ames test</kwd><kwd>genotoxicity</kwd><kwd>heavy metals</kwd><kwd>drugs</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>lux-биосенсоры</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd><kwd>SOS-ответ</kwd><kwd>тест Эймса</kwd><kwd>генотоксичность</kwd><kwd>тяжелые металлы</kwd><kwd>лекарственные средства</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	Абилев С.К., Глазер В.М. Генетическая токсикология: Итоги и проблемы // Генетика. – 2013. – Т. 49. – Вып. 1. – С. 81–93. [Abilev SK, Glaser VM. Genetic toxicology: finding and challenges. Russian Journal of Genetics. 2013;49(1):81-93. (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.7868/S0016675813010025.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2.	Ames BN, Durston WE, Yamasaki E, Lee FD. Carcinogens are mutagens: a simple test system combining liver homogenates for activation and bacteria for detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1973a;70(8): 2281-2285. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.8.2281.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>3.	Ames BN, Lee FD, Durston WE. An improved bacterial test system for the detection and classification of mutagens and carcinogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1973b;70(3):782-786. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.3.782.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>4.	Levin DE, Hollstein MC, Christman MF, et al. A new Salmonella tester strain (TA102) with A X T base pairs at the site of mutation detects oxidative mutagens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1982;79(23):7445-7449. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.23.7445.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>5.	Quillardet P, Huisman O, D’Ari R, et al. SOS chromotest, a direct assay of induction of an SOS function in Escherichia coli K12 to measure genotoxity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1982;79(19):5971-5975. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.19.5971.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>6.	Quillardet P, Hofnung M. SOS chromotest: a review. Mutat. Res. 1993;(297):235-279. doi: 10.1016/0165-1110(93)90019-J.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>7.	Goerlich O, Quillardet P, Hofnung M. Induction of the SOS response by hydrogen peroxide in various Escherichia coli mutants with altered protection against oxidative DNA damage. J Bacteriol. 1989;171(11):6141-7. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.11.6141-6147.1989.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>8.	Müller J, Janz S. Assessment of oxidative DNA damage in the oxyR-deficient SOS chromotest strain Escherichia coli PQ300. Environ Mol Mutagen. 1992;20(4):297-306. doi: 10.1002/em.2850200408.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>9.	Müller J, Janz S. Modulation of the H2O2-induced SOS response in Escherichia coli PQ300 by amino acids, metal chelators, antioxidants, and scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Environ Mol Mutagen. 1993;22(3):157-63. doi: 10.1002/em.2850220308.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>10.	Реутова Н.В. Мутагенный потенциал тяжелых металлов // Экологическая генетика. – 2015. – Т. 13. – Вып. 3. – С. 70–75. [Reutova NV. Mutagenic potential of some heavy metals. Ekologicheskaya genetika. 2015;13(3):70-75. (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.17816/ecogen13370-75.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>11.	Valko M, Morris H, Cronin MT. Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress. Curr Med Chem. 200512(10):161-1208. doi: 10.2174/0929867053764635.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>12.	Сычева Л.П. Оценка мутагенных свойств наноматериалов // Гигиена и санитария. – 2008. – № 6. – С. 26–28. [Sycheva LP. Evaluation of the mutagenic properties of nano-materials. Gigiena i Sanitariia. 2008;(6):26-8. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>13.	Ghosh M, Manivannan J, Sinha S, et al. In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles. Mutat Res. 2012;749(1-2):60-69. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.08.007.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>14.	Манухов И.В., Котова В.Ю., Мальдов Д.Г., и др. Индукция окислительного стресса и SOS-ответа в бактериях Escherichia coli растительными экстрактами: роль гидроперекисей и эффект синергизма при совместном действии с цисплатиной // Микробиология. – 2008. – Т. 77. – С. 590–597. [Manuchov IV, Kotova VYu, Maldov DG, et al. Induction of oxidative stress and SOS response in Escerichia coli by vegetable extracts: the role of hydroperoxides and the synergistic effect of simultaneous treatmrnt with cisplatinum. Microbiology. 2008;77:590-597. (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.1134/S0026261708050020.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>15.	Котова В.Ю., Манухов И.В., Завильгельский Г.Б. Lux-биосенсоры для детекции SOS-ответа, теплового шока и окислительного стресса // Биотехнология. – 2009. – № 6. – С. 16–25. [Kotova VYu, Manuchov IV, Zavigelskiy GB. Lux-biosensors for detection of SOS-response, heat shock and oxidative stress. Biotechnology in Russia. 2009;(6):8-17. (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.1134/S0003683810080089.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>16.	Завильгельский Г.Б., Котова В.Ю., Хрульнова С.А., Манухов И.В. Оценка токсического действия наноматериалов на живые организмы // Биотехнология. – 2013. – № 6. – С. 8–17. [Zavigelsky GB, Kotova VYu, Khrul’nova SA, Manukhov IV. Asessment of toxicity of nanomaterials for live organisms. Biotechnology in Russia. 2013;(6):8-17. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>17.	Котова В.Ю., Рыженкова К.В., Манухов И.В., Завигельский Г.Б. Индуцируемые специфические lux-биосенсоры для детекции антибиотиков: конструирование и основные характеристики // Прикладная биохимия и микробиология. – 2014. – Т. 50. – № 1. – С. 112–117. [Kotova VYu, Ryzhenkova KV, Manuchov IV, Zavigelskiy GB. Inducible specific lux-biosensors for the detection of antibiotics: construction and main parametrs. Prikladnaya Biokhimiya i Microbiologiya. 2014;50(1):112-117. (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.7868/S0555109914010073.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>18.	Сазыкина М.А., Чистяков В.А. Мониторинг генотоксичности водной среды: Азово-Донской бассейн: Монография. – Ростов н/Д: Изд-во ЮФУ, 2009. [Sazykina MA, Chistyakov VA. Monitoring genotoxichnosti vodnoy sredi: Azovo-Donskoy basseyn: Monografiya. Rostov n/D: The SFU publishing house. 2009. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>19.	Vollmer CA, Van Dyk TK. Stress responsive bacteria biosensors as environmental monitors. Adv Microb Physiol. 2004;49:131-174. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2911(04)49003-1.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>20.	Bargonetti J, Champeil E, Tomasz M. Differential Toxicity of DNA Adducts of Mitomycin C. Journal of Nucleic Acids. 2010:698960. doi: 10.4061/2010/698960.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>21.	McCalla DR. Mutagenicity of nitrofuran derivatives: Review. Environ Mutagen. 1983;(5):745-765. doi: 10.1002/em.2860050512.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>22.	Kohda K, Kawazoe Y, Minoura Y, et al. Separation and identification of N4-(guanosin-7-yl)-4-aminoquinoline 1-oxide, a novel nucleic acid adduct of carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. Carcinogenesis. 1991;12:1523-1525. doi: 10.1093/carcin/12.8.1523.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>23.	McCann J, Choi E, Yamasaki E, Ames BN. Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome test: assay of 300 chemicals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1975;72(12):5135-5139. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.12.5135.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>24.	Biaglow JE, Jacobson BE, Nygaard OF. Metabolic reduction of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide and other radical-producing drugs to oxygen-reactive intermediates. Cancer Res. 1977;37:3306-3313.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>25.	De Flora S, Bagnasco M, Serra D, Zanacchi P. Genotoxicity of chromium compounds. A review. Mutat Res. 1990;(238):99-172. doi: 10.1016/0165-1110(90)90007-X.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>26.	Фонштейн Л.М., Абилев С.К., Акиньшина Л.П., и др. Изучение мутагенного действия некоторых лекарственных препаратов на индикаторные бактерии // Химико-фармацевтический журнал. – 1978а. – № 1. – С. 39–44. [Fonshteyn LM, Abilev SK, Akin’shina LP, et al. Izuchenie mutagennogo deistviya nekotorykh lekarstvennykh preparatov na indikatornye bakterii. Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskiy Zhurnal. 1978a;(1):39-44. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>27.	Фонштейн Л.М., Ревазова Ю.А., Золотарева Г.Н., и др. Изучение мутагенной активности диоксидина // Генетика. – 1978б. – Т. 14. – № 5. – С. 900–908. [Fonshteyn LM, Revazova YuA, Zolotareva GN, et al. Izuchenie mutagennoy aktivnosti dioksidina. Russian Journal of Genetics. 1978b:14(5):900-908. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>28.	Clerch B, Bravo JM, Llagostera M. Analysis of the ciprofloxacin-induced mutations in Salmonella typhimurium. Environ Mol Mutagen. 1996;27(2):110-115. doi: org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)27:2&lt;110::AID-EM6&gt;3.0.CO;2-K.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>29.	Ames BN. The detection of chemical mutagens with enteric bacteria. In: A. Hollaender ed. Chemical Mutagens: Principles and Methods for Their Detection. New York: Plenum Press; 1971, Vol. 1. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8966-2_9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>30.	Longley DS, Harkin DP, Johnston PG. 5-Fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies. Nature. 2003;(3):330-337. doi: 10.1038/nrc1074.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>31.	Ilin A, Nersesyan A. Toxicology of iodine: A mini reviews. Arch Oncol. 2013;21(2):67-71. doi:10.2298/AOO1302065I.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>32.	Norman AA, Hansen LH, Sorensen SJ. Construction of a ColD cda promoter-based SOS-Green Fluorescent Protein whole-cell biosensor with higher sensitivity toward genotoxic compounds than constructs based on recA, umuDC, or sulA promoters. Appl Environ. Microbiol. 2005;71:2338-2346. doi: 10.1128/AEM.71.5.2338-2346.2005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>33.	Фонштейн Л.М., Абилев С.К., Акиньшина Л.П., и др. Исследование генетических эффектов лекарственных веществ и других биологически активных соединений в тестах на мутагенез и ДНК-повреждающее действие // Химико-фармацевтический журнал. – 1982. – № 10. – С. 1163–1167. [Fonshteyn LM, Abilev SK, Akin’shina LP, et al. Investigation of the genetic effects of drugs and other biologically active compounds in tests for mutagenesis and DNA-damaging action. Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskiy Zhurnal. 1982;(10):1163-1167. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>34.	Arlauskas A, Baker RSU, Bonin AM, et al. Mutagenicity of metal ions in bacteria. Environ Res. 1985;36(2):379-388.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>35.	Cesium compounds toxicology reports… Cited 04.03.2016. WEB: http://www.bibra-information.co.uk/downloads/toxicity-profile-for-cesium-compounds-2000.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>36.	Marzin DR, Phi HV. Study of the mutagenicity of metal derivatives with Salmonella typhimurium TA102. Mutat Res. 1985;155(1-2):49-51. doi: 10.1016/0165-1218(85)90024-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>37.	Цефикар. Инструкция по медицинскому применению лекарственного средства. Цитировано 04.03.2016. WEB: http://www.pharmacare.by/ru/rx/100-antibiotics/12-ceficare.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>38.	Brambilla G, Mattioli F, Robbiano L, Martelli A. Studies on genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial and antifungal drugs. Mutagenesis. 2012;27(4):387-413. doi: 10.1093/mutage/ger094.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>39.	Diflucan. Cited 04.03.2016. WEB: www.pfaizer.com.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>40.	Yajima N, Kondo K, Morita K. Reverse mutation tests in Salmonella typhimurium and chromosomal aberration tests in mammalian cells in culture on fluorinated pyrimidine derivatives. Mutat Res. 1981;88(3):241-54. doi: 10.1016/0165-1218(81)90036-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>41.	Hannan MA, al-Dakan AA, Hussain SS, Amer MH. Mutagenicity of cisplatin and carboplatin used alone and in combination with four other anticancer drugs. Toxicology. 1989;55(1-2):183-91. doi: 10.1016/0300-483X(89)90185-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>42.	Colofac MR. Summary of product characteristics… Cited 04.03.2016. WEB: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/2506.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>43.	SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). Opinion on bismuth citrate, 12 December 2013.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>44.	Brambilla G, Mattioli F, Martelli A. Genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of gastrointestinal drugs. Mutagenesis. 2010;25(4):315-326. doi: 10.1093/mutage/geq02.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>45.	Karekar V, Joshi S, Shinde SL. Antimutagenic profile of three antioxidants in the Ames assay and the Drosophila wing spot test. Mutat Res. 2000;468(2):183-94. doi:10.1016/S1383-5718(00)00055-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>46.	Miadoková E, Mravcová M, Vlčková V, et al. Antimutagenic and anticlastogenic potential of α-lipoic acid. Biologia. 2002;57(3):351-358.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>47.	Мексидол: инструкция по применению и отзывы. Цитировано 04.03.2016. www.health.mail.ru/drug/mexipridol/.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>48.	N-Acetyl-L-cysteine for use in foods for particular nutritional uses and in foods for special medical purposes. EFSA Journal. 2003;(21):1-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>49.	Laidlaw SA, Dietrich MF, Lamtenzan MP, et al. Antimutagenic effects of taurine in a bacterial assay system. Cancer Res. 1989;49(23):6600-6604.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>50.	NTP report on the toxicology studies of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Natl Toxicol Program Genet Modif Model Rep. 2007; Sep.(9):1-138.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>51.	Gorla N, Ovando HG, Larripa I. Chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes exposed in vitro to enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Toxicol Lett. 1999;(104):43-48. doi: 10.1016/S0378-4274(98)00230-6.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
