Ecological geneticsEcological geneticsЭкологическая генетика1811-09322411-9202Eco-Vector61111910.17816/ecogen611119Methodology in ecological geneticsМетодология экологической генетикиReview ArticleModels of osmotic stress as a tool for proteomics and metabolomics of legume seedsМодели осмотического стресса как инструмент для протеомного и метаболомного анализа семян бобовыхhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7153-50596132-3216LeonovaTatiana S.ЛеоноваТатьяна Сергеевна
Germany
Tatiana.Leonova@ipb-halle.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6024-36676508127438M-2405-20154992-4778BilovaTatiana E.БиловаТатьяна Евгеньевна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

канд. биол. наук

bilova.tatiana@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7593-77175105-2490FrolovAndrej A.ФроловАндрей Александрович
Germany

Dr. Sci. (Biology)

д-р биол. наук

Andrej.Frolov@ipb-halle.deLeibniz-Institute of Plant BiochemistryЛейбниц-институт биохимии растенийSaint Petersburg State UniversityСанкт-Петербургский государственный университетK.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant PhysiologyИнститут физиологии растений им. К.А. Тимирязева13122023170720242222052200311202313122023Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор2024Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/611119

Drought poses a significant challenge to the sustainable development of modern agriculture and to the achievement of high crop yields. Water deficit causes osmotic stress and triggers plant physiological responses characterized by reduced water potential, diminished stomatal conductance, and decreased photosynthetic efficiency. Long-term adaptation to osmotic stress entails intricate metabolic rearrangements, leading to the accumulation of osmoprotectants, activation of antioxidant systems, and increased biosyntheses of stress-protective proteins. The severity and duration of drought, along with plant genotype and developmental stage, influence the plant response to stress, consequently affecting crop yield and quality. Particularly in the context of legumes, which are crucial for human and animal nutrition, understanding adaptive strategies to water deficit is essential for the cultivation of drought-resistant genotypes, primarily because these crops predominantly thrive in semi-arid regions. Proteomics and metabolomics approaches, in turn, serve as valuable tools, offering critical insights into the molecular dynamics governing plant responses to drought stress. Furthermore, the use of reliable drought simulation models is imperative for the effective evaluation of legume response to water scarcity, aiding the cultivation of drought-tolerant varieties. This review highlights the perspectives of utilizing different osmotic stress models to investigate proteome and metabolome alteration within seeds of food legumes.

Засуха представляет серьезную проблему для устойчивого развития современного сельского хозяйства и достижения высокой продуктивности сельскохозяйственных культур. Дефицит влаги вызывает осмотический стресс и запускает физиологические реакции растений, которые характеризуются снижением водного потенциала, уменьшением устьичной проводимости и понижением эффективности фотосинтеза. Длительная адаптация к осмотическому стрессу сопровождается сложными метаболическими перестройками, приводящими к накоплению осмопротекторов, активации антиоксидантных систем и усилению биосинтеза стресс-протекторных белков. Степень и продолжительность засухи, наряду с генотипом и стадией развития растений, влияют на реакцию растений на стресс, что, в свою очередь, сказывается на количестве и качестве урожая. В частности, для бобовых, которые играют важнейшую роль в системе питания человека и животных, понимание адаптивных стратегий против засухи имеет большое значение для выведения засухоустойчивых сортов, поскольку эти культуры произрастают преимущественно в полузасушливых регионах. В свою очередь, методы протеомики и метаболомики служат ценными инструментами, позволяющими всесторонне оценивать молекулярную динамику, которая определяет реакцию растений на засуху. Кроме того, для эффективной оценки реакции бобовых на дефицит влаги необходимо использование надежных моделей, имитирующих засуху. В данном обзоре рассматриваются перспективы использования различных моделей осмотического стресса для изучения протеомных и метаболомных изменений в семенах бобовых культур.

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