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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экологическая генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1811-0932</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-9202</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">625673</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ecogen625673</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Genetic basis of ecosystems evolution</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генетические основы эволюции экосистем</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Sources and donors of the multi-row ear trait for hybrid breeding of corn in the VIR collection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Источники и доноры признака многорядности початка для гибридной селекции кукурузы в коллекции ВИР</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-2328</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">T-6816-2018</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7929-8148</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatefov</surname><given-names>Eduard B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатефов</surname><given-names>Эдуард Балилович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук</p></bio><email>haed1967@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3052-5521</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8721-8062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdan</surname><given-names>Polina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богдан</surname><given-names>Полина Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. с.-х. наук</p></bio><email>polina_bogdan84@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2842-1512</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3457-1434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grushin</surname><given-names>Aleksander A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грушин</surname><given-names>Александр Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>gnuvosvniir@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5005-3926</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3223-8030</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fil</surname><given-names>Irina  V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филь</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Agricultural)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. с.-х. наук</p></bio><email>irinafil1974@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8308-5107</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sherstobitov</surname><given-names>Vasilii V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шерстобитов</surname><given-names>Василий Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Agricultural)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>scherstobitow@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7919-1302</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9993-8900</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyko</surname><given-names>Vladislav N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойко</surname><given-names>Владислав Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Agricultural)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. с.-х. наук</p></bio><email>boyko_vlad@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.K. Chaika Federal Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр агробиотехнологий Дальнего Востока им. А.К. Чайки</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-04-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>151</fpage><lpage>160</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-23"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-07-17"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/625673">https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/625673</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> The sign of the number of rows of grains on the cob is one of the key to improving the productivity of corn. The effects of the genes that control this trait have been poorly studied. The search for sources and donors of this trait is relevant for hybrid breeding.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The aim of this study is to search for sources and donors of the multi-row ear trait in the VIR collection for involvement in the breeding of hybrid corn.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The studies were carried out on 16 lines (S<sub>3–6</sub>) with different inbredness and varying the number of rows of grains on an ear from 18 to 36, the exotic 8-row race CUZCO characterized by large grains and the MP-20 population with 20–36 rows of ears. Hybridization and crop recording were carried out in the field conditions of the foothill zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: Based on similar phenotypic characteristics, 16 lines of corn with a multi-row cob were ranked into 5 groups. Analysis of the structure of the ear of the experimental F<sub>1</sub> hybrid between the MP-20 population and the 8-row, large-grain race CUZCO showed that the trait of multi-row ear and large-grain is manifested as incomplete dominance. The yield potential of the experimental simple hybrid was no less than 12.2 tons per 1 hectare with a harvest grain moisture content of 37% and an FAO ripeness group of at least 600. A significant drawback of corn lines with multi-row cobs is the high harvest moisture content of the grain.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS</bold>: The collection of multirow maize lines serves as a valuable source of genes that control important quantitative traits and can be involved in the breeding of hybrid maize for its improvement.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность</bold>. Признак числа рядов зерен на початке кукурузы является одним из ключевых для улучшения продуктивности кукурузы. Эффекты генов, контролирующих этот признак мало изучены. Поиск источников и доноров этого признака актуален для гибридной селекции.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — поиск источников и доноров признака многорядности початка в коллекции ВИР для вовлечения в селекцию гибридной кукурузы.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Исследования проведены на 16 линиях (S<sub>3–6</sub>) кукурузы с различной инбредностью и варьированием числа рядов зерен на початке от 18 до 36, экзотической 8-рядной расе CUZCO, характеризующейся крупным зерном, и популяции МР-20 с 20–36-рядным початком. Гибридизацию и учет урожая проводили в полевых условиях предгорной зоны Кабардино-Балкарской Республики.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Проведено ранжирование по схожим фенотипическим признакам 16 линий кукурузы с многорядным початком на 5 групп. Анализ структуры початка экспериментального гибрида F<sub>1</sub> между популяцией МР-20 и 8-рядной, крупнозерной расой CUZCO показал, что признак многорядности початка и крупнозерности проявляется по типу неполного доминирования. Потенциал урожайности экспериментального простого гибрида составил не менее 12,2 т в пересчете на 1 га при уборочной влажности зерна 37 % и группе спелости по ФАО не ниже 600. Существенным недостатком линий кукурузы с многорядным початком является высокая уборочная влажность зерна.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Коллекция многорядных линий кукурузы служит ценным источником генов, контролирующих важные количественные признаки, и может быть вовлечена в селекцию гибридной кукурузы для ее селекционного улучшения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Zea mays L.</kwd><kwd>number of rows of grains per cob</kwd><kwd>td1 gene</kwd><kwd>ct2 gene</kwd><kwd>fea2 gene</kwd><kwd>fea3 gene</kwd><kwd>fea4 gene</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Zea mays L.</kwd><kwd>число рядов зерен на початке</kwd><kwd>ген td1</kwd><kwd>ген ct2</kwd><kwd>ген fea2</kwd><kwd>ген fea3</kwd><kwd>ген fea4</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shiferaw B, Prasanna BM, Hellin J, Banziger M. Crops that feed the world 6. Past successes and future challenges to the role played by maize in global food security. 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