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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экологическая генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1811-0932</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-9202</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">627070</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ecogen627070</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Genetic basis of ecosystems evolution</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Генетические основы эволюции экосистем</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of the genetic structure of populations of the terrestrial mollusk <italic>Caucasotachea vindobonensis</italic> (Helicidae) in conditions at the eastern border of the range using microsatellite markers</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ генетической структуры популяций наземного моллюска <italic>Caucasotachea vindobonensis</italic> (Helicidae) в условиях восточной границы ареала с использованием микросателлитных маркеров</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7574-6910</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5655-7828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Snegin</surname><given-names>Eduard A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снегин</surname><given-names>Эдуард Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р. биол. наук</p></bio><email>snegin@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1838-7816</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9486-0844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yusupova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юсупова</surname><given-names>Александра Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tishchenko_ayu@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3311-0914</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6720-0967</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sychev</surname><given-names>Anton A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сычев</surname><given-names>Антон Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>sychev@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1789-1121</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57190230662</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3402-6300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Snegina</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снегина</surname><given-names>Елена Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snegina@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belgorod National Research University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-04-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-02-16"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-11"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-07-17"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/627070">https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/627070</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: Assessing the genetic structure of populations of rare and vulnerable species provides useful information for developing conservation strategies.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: The aim of the study was to study the genetic structure of <italic>Caucasotachea vindobonensis</italic> populations in the south of the Central Russian Upland using SSR markers.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold>: Genetic structure of the populations was studied using eight microsatellite markers, first identified by the authors for the species under study. Fragment analysis of PCR products was carried out on an automatic capillary DNA sequencer Nanophore 05 (Russia). A total of 498 individuals from 24 populations were studied.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: A total of 59 alleles were isolated in the eight studied SSR loci, of which 21 (36%) turned out to be private. At the same time, private alleles were found in eleven studied populations, which is 46% of their total number. According to the data obtained, the effective number of alleles (<italic>A<sub>e</sub></italic>) averaged 1.6 ± 0.06, the Shannon index (I) was 0.45 ± 0.03, and the level of expected heterozygosity (<italic>H<sub>e</sub></italic>) was 0.27 ± 0.021. A high level of spatial subdivision of population gene pools was noted (<italic>F<sub>st</sub></italic> = 0.47 ± 0.08) with a fairly low level of gene flow (<italic>N<sub>m</sub></italic> = 1.15 ± 0.91). PCA analysis showed that the populations of the central and eastern parts of the south of the Central Russian Upland form a closely related group, different from other populations of the region. Calculation of the effective abundance using the LD method showed that Ne varies in different groups of snails from 0.6 to infinity.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS</bold>: Populations of <italic>C. vindobonensis</italic> in the south of the Central Russian Upland live in conditions of significant isolation, as evidenced by the high degree of differentiation of the studied groups. The analysis of principal components based on genetic distances according to Nei and Wright’s F-statistics indicate a pronounced division of populations in the study area into two clusters, which is probably associated with the historical features of landscape formation. Calculation of effective numbers indicates the high viability of the majority of the studied populations. At the same time, some groups of snails are clearly in a depressed state, which is reflected in low levels of genetic diversity and their effective size.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность</bold>. Оценка генетической структуры популяций редких и уязвимых видов предоставляет полезную информацию для разработки стратегии их сохранения.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — изучить генетическую структуру популяций Caucasotachea vindobonensis на территории юга Среднерусской возвышенности с использованием SSR-маркеров.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Генетическая структура популяций изучалась с использованием 8 микросателлитных маркеров, впервые выявленных авторами для исследуемого вида. Фрагментный анализ ПЦР-продуктов был проведен на автоматическом капиллярном ДНК-секвенаторе «Нанофор 05» (Россия). Всего было исследовано 498 особей из 24 популяций.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Всего в 8 изученных SSR-локусах было выделено 59 аллелей, из них 21 (36 %) оказался приватным. При этом приватные аллели обнаружены в 11 изученных популяциях, что составляет 46 % от их общего числа. Согласно полученным данным, эффективное число аллелей (<italic>A<sub>e</sub></italic>) в среднем составило 1,6 ± 0,06, индекс Шенона (I) 0,45 ± 0,03, уровень ожидаемой гетерозиготности (<italic>Н<sub>е</sub></italic>) 0,27 ± 0,021. Отмечен высокий уровень пространственной подразделенности популяционных генофондов (<italic>F<sub>st</sub></italic> = 0,47 ± 0,08) при достаточно низком уровне потока генов (<italic>N<sub>m</sub> </italic>= 1,15 ± 0,91). Анализ главных компонент (principal component analysis, PCA) показал, что популяции центральной и восточной части юга Среднерусской возвышенности образуют близкородственную группу, отличную от остальных популяций региона. Расчет эффективной численности с помощью LD-метода показал, что <italic>N<sub>e</sub></italic> варьирует в разных группах улиток от 0,6 до бесконечности.</p> <p><bold>Выводы</bold>. Популяции <italic>C. vindobonensis</italic> на территории юга Среднерусской возвышенности обитают в условиях значительной изоляции, о чем свидетельствует высокая степень дифференциации изученных групп. Проведенный анализ главных компонент на основе генетических дистанций по Неи и F-статистика Райта говорит о выраженном делении популяций в районе исследования на два кластера, что, вероятно, связано с историческими особенностями формирования ландшафта. Данные расчета эффективной численности подтверждают высокую жизнеспособность большинства изученных популяций. Вместе с тем некоторые группы улиток находятся явно в депрессивном состоянии, что находит свое отражение в низких показателях их генетического разнообразия и эффективного размера.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Caucasotachea vindobonensis</kwd><kwd>population structure</kwd><kwd>south of the Central Russian Upland</kwd><kwd>microsatellites</kwd><kwd>SSR markers</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Caucasotachea vindobonensis</kwd><kwd>популяционная структура</kwd><kwd>юг Среднерусской возвышенности</kwd><kwd>микросателлиты</kwd><kwd>SSR-маркеры</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coker OM. Importance of genetics in conservation of biodiversity. Nigerian Journal of Wildlife Management. 2017;1(1): 11–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coker O.M. 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