Ecological geneticsEcological geneticsЭкологическая генетика1811-09322411-9202Eco-Vector62732310.17816/ecogen627323Genetic basis of ecosystems evolutionГенетические основы эволюции экосистемResearch ArticleIdentification of effector genes of Parastagonospora nodorum, P. pseudonodorum in Tambov populations and sensitivity genes to NEs in varieties and hybrid lines of spring soft wheatИдентификация генов-эффекторов Parastagonospora nodorum, P. pseudonodorum в тамбовских популяциях и генов-чувствительности к NEs у сортов и гибридных линий яровой мягкой пшеницыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9716-288X5847-8222ZelenevaYulia V.ЗеленеваЮлия Витальевна
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Assistant Professor

д-р биол. наук, доцент

zelenewa@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5367-13405700-6057SudnikovaValentina P.СудниковаВалентина Павловна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Agriculture)

канд. с.-х. наук

sudnikova47@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1063-47395986-6142GusevIvan V.ГусевИван Викторович
Russian Federation
tmbsnifs@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-21024868-9416BaranovaOlga A.БарановаОльга Александровна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

канд. биол. наук

baranova_oa@mail.ruAll-Russian Research Institute of Plant ProtectionВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растенийI.V. Michurin Federal Science Center, Middle-Russian BranchФедеральный научный центр им. И.В. Мичурина, Среднерусский филиал10042024170720242221391502802202410042024Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор2024Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/627323

BACKGROUND: Parastagonospora nodorum and P. pseudonodorum are known for their ability to produce necrotrophic effectors that play an important role in micromycete pathogenicity. Fungal strains characterized by the presence of effector genes will be used to create artificial infectious backgrounds to identify sources and donors of resistance to fungal diseases. Selected varieties and lines that are donors of recessive alleles snn1 and snn3, which control plant resistance to fungal toxins PtrTox1 and PtrTox3, are recommended for inclusion in programs for breeding wheat for resistance to septoriosis pathogens.

AIM: The aim of the work is to assess the populations of the fungi Parastagonospora nodorum and P. pseudonodorum in 2023 based on the presence of effector genes, as well as to identify alleles of Snn1/snn1, Snn3/snn3 genes that control the sensitivity or resistance of wheat to PtrTox1 and PtrTox3 toxins.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Infectious samples were collected in 2023 from spring wheat leaves. In addition, the material for the study was 2 varieties and 23 lines of spring soft wheat of local selection. Using the molecular markers Xfcp624 and Xcfd20, the presence of the Snn1 and Snn3-B1 alleles, which control sensitivity to the fungal toxins PtrTox1 and PtrTox3, was detected.

RESULTS: Using molecular screening, ToxA and Tox1 genes were identified in genotypes of P. pseudonodorum isolates; Tox3 and Tox267 in P. nodorum isolates. 2 varieties of spring soft wheat and 11 hybrid lines carry a recessive allele snn1, which protects against the phytopathogen toxin PtrTox1; wheat variety Tambovchanka and 2 hybrid lines carry the recessive allele snn3 on chromosome B1, which confers resistance to the fungal toxin PtrTox3.

CONCLUSIONS: The ToxA gene was found only among monoconidial isolates of P. pseudonodorum species obtained from leaves of spring soft wheat of Lebedushka variety. As a result of molecular screening, the Tox1 gene was identified among 70 P. pseudonodorum isolates (43,21% of those studied). The presence of the Tox3 and Tox267 genes was established in 30 isolates of P. nodorum species obtained from plant samples of spring durum wheat Donskaya Elegiya. Using the PCR method, donors of the snn1 and snn3 genes were identified.

Актуальность. Parastagonospora nodorum и P. pseudonodorum известны своей способностью производить некротрофные эффекторы, играющие важную роль в патогенности микромицетов. Штаммы грибов, охарактеризованные по наличию генов-эффекторов, будут использованы при создании искусственных инфекционных фонов для выявления источников и доноров устойчивости к листовым пятнистостям. Отобранные сорта и линии, являющиеся донорами рецессивных аллелей snn1 и snn3, контролирующих устойчивость растений к токсинам грибов PtrTox1 и PtrTox3, рекомендованы к включению в программы по селекции пшеницы на устойчивость к возбудителям септориоза.

Цель — оценка популяций грибов Parastagonospora nodorum и P. pseudonodorum в 2023 г. по наличию генов-эффекторов, а также выявление аллелей генов Snn1/snn1, Snn3/snn3, которые контролируют чувствительность или устойчивость пшеницы к токсинам PtrTox1 и PtrTox3.

Материалы и методы. С использованием молекулярных маркеров была проведена идентификация генов, кодирующих некротрофные эффекторы (NEs), у 192 изолятов гриба Parastagonospora spp., полученных с яровой мягкой и твердой пшеницы. Кроме того, материалом для исследования служили 2 сорта и 23 линии яровой мягкой пшеницы местной селекции. С помощью молекулярных маркеров Xfcp624 и Xcfd20 детектировали присутствие аллелей Snn1 и Snn3-B1, контролирующих чувствительность к токсинам грибов PtrTox1 и PtrTox3.

Результаты. С помощью молекулярного скрининга выявлены гены ToxA и Tox1 в генотипах изолятов P. pseudonodorum; Tox3 и Tox267 у изолятов P. nodorum. Установлено, что 2 сорта яровой мягкой пшеницы и 11 селекционных линий имеют рецессивный аллель snn1, защищающий от токсина PtrTox1; сорт Тамбовчанка и 2 линии несут рецессивный аллель snn3 на хромосоме B1, который придает устойчивость к токсину грибов PtrTox3.

Выводы. Ген ToxА обнаружен только среди моноконидиальных изолятов вида P. pseudonodorum, полученных из листьев яровой мягкой пшеницы сорта Лебедушка. В результате молекулярного скрининга ген Tox1 был выявлен среди 70 изолятов P. pseudonodorum. Наличие генов Tox3 и Tox267 установлено у 30 изолятов вида P. nodorum, полученных из растительных образцов яровой твердой пшеницы Донская элегия. С использованием метода ПЦР были выявлены доноры генов snn1 и snn3.

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