Ecological geneticsEcological geneticsЭкологическая генетика1811-09322411-9202Eco-Vector67734810.17816/ecogen677348EONDIHGenetic toxicologyГенетическая токсикологияReview ArticleDynamics of unstable chromosome aberrations in human populations: a reviewДинамика нестабильных хромосомных аберраций в популяциях людей: обзорhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-8699-2745KupriyanovaAnastasiya V.КуприяноваАнастасия Вениаминовна
Russian Federation
roksiika@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4394-22283511-3838AkhmadullinaYuliya R.АхмадуллинаЮлия Рафисовна
Russian Federation
akhmadullina.yul@yandex.ruUrals Research Center for Radiation MedicineУральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины22082025151220252332873012603202522082025Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор2025Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/677348

Unstable chromosomal aberrations are key indicators of damage to the genome caused by radiation and chemical factors. Despite a significant number of publications, there is no generalized picture of the prevalence of unstable chromosomal aberrations among the population, especially among high-risk groups associated with industrial activities, environmental pollution and emergency situations. The results of the study are important for an objective assessment of the consequences of large accidents, technogenic disasters and changes in the environmental situation that affect human health. Current paper is devoted to the review of literature sources that contain the data on the dynamics of unstable chromosome aberration in people affected by radiation and chemical exposure. It also deals with the frequency of unstable chromosome aberrations in unexposed individuals that compose the comparison group for the exposed people in various regions of the Russian Federation and some foreign countries. The studies reviewed cover a wide period of time, both short-and long-term effects of exposure, and include the analysis of different situations of radiation damage and chronic chemical exposure. The paper presents the comparative data on the frequency of unstable chromosome aberrations in the control groups and groups of exposed individuals that demonstrate different patterns of body response to external mutagens. The results of the studies emphasize that there is still the need to evaluate chromosome aberrations that develop in people under the effect of radiation and chemical factors. The importance of unified standards of unstable chromosome classification and measurement is also highlighted. It will improve the precision and comparability of the research findings.

Нестабильные хромосомные аберрации являются ключевыми показателями повреждений генома, вызванных радиационными и химическими факторами. Несмотря на значительное количество публикаций, отсутствует обобщенная картина распространенности нестабильных хромосомных аберраций среди населения, особенно среди групп повышенного риска, связанных с промышленной деятельностью, экологическими загрязнениями и чрезвычайными ситуациями. Результаты исследования имеют важное значение для объективной оценки последствий крупных аварий, техногенных катастроф и изменения экологической обстановки, оказывающих влияние на состояние здоровья человека. Проведен поиск литературных источников, содержащих данные о динамике частоты нестабильных хромосомных аберраций у людей, подвергшихся воздействию радиационного и химических факторов. Рассмотрена частота нестабильных хромосомных аберраций у неэкспонированных лиц, составляющих группу сравнения для экспонированных лиц в разных регионах России и некоторых зарубежных странах. Исследования охватывают широкий временной промежуток, включая как кратковременные, так и долговременные эффекты воздействий, а также анализ различных ситуаций радиационного и хронического химического воздействия. Представлены сравнительные данные частоты нестабильных хромосомных аберраций в контрольных и экспонированных группах, демонстрирующие различные паттерны реагирования организма на внешние мутагены. Подчеркнута сохраняющаяся необходимость оценки хромосомных аберраций, возникающих у людей под воздействием как радиационных, так и химических факторов. Отмечена важность разработки единых стандартов классификации и измерения нестабильных хромосомных аберраций для улучшения точности и сопоставимости результатов исследований.

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