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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экологическая генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1811-0932</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-9202</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">679294</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/ecogen679294</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">UAERSI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Methodology in ecological genetics</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Методология экологической генетики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Looking for the novel potato virus Y recombinant variants</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Идентификация новых рекомбинантных вариантов вируса Y картофеля</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-1674</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8244-7171</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antipov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антипов</surname><given-names>Александр Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>antipovdm37@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4148-9217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Surganova</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сурганова</surname><given-names>Юлия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yuliasyrganova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0728-0346</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5008-4691</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Taranov</surname><given-names>Vasiliy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таранов</surname><given-names>Василий Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук</p></bio><email>v.taranov1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5711-8331</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1681-8890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>Марина Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук</p></bio><email>marilistik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-05-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>203</fpage><lpage>210</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-09"><day>09</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-14"><day>14</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/679294">https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/679294</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most distributed plant RNA-viruses. PVY affects a wide host range including crops and wild plants from different families. Potato virus Y exists as a strain complex which produce a numerous recombinant variants. Usual diagnostic methods based on ELISA and PCR are able to define strain group at the best case, however not particular recombinant variant. Actually, only high-throughput sequencing of plant transcriptomes allow to obtain viral full-genome sequence and reveal all recombinant variants. However, the apply of this approach is limited by the relatively high cost of single sample analysis, which doesn’t allow to explore large-scale samples.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The aim was to develop an approach for the bulk examination of PVY strain diversity.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> Total RNA was isolated from potato leaves. cDNA was synthesized using different reverse transcriptases. PVY genome amplification was performed using different DNA polymerases. Amplicons were used for the sequencing libraries preparation, which were sequenced on MinION platform. Reads after processing were mapped on reference. SNP-calling was performed for the revealing different PVY isolates.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The possibility of different reverse transcriptases and DNA polymerases for PVY genome amplification for farther sequencing was evaluated. Among exterminated sample 10 PVY isolates were revealed. The isolates belong to 5 different recombinant variants, three of them belong to common variants, while two another haven’t been previously described.One of them, N-Wi(s) is similar to the N-Wi, however the recombination point in Hc-Pro gene is shifted to the 5'-end and matches the NO-short variant. Another, SYR-IIa is similar to the SYR-II, however the recombination point in NIb gene is shifted about50 nucleotides to the 5'-end.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Probably the diversity of PVY recombinant variants is still underestimated since even in the small exterminated sample two novel variants were found. Developed protocol allows to explore PVY strain diversity and has two main advantages: low cost of single sample and each read holds a whole viral genome allowing unambigously identify a recombinant variant.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Вирус Y картофеля (PVY) — один из наиболее распространенных РНК-вирусов растений, обладающий большим кругом хозяев как культурных, так и дикорастущих растений разных семейств. PVY существует в виде комплекса штаммов, которые образуют многочисленные рекомбинантные варианты. Изучение генетического разнообразия PVY осложнено тем, что стандартные методы диагностики на основе иммуноферементного анализа и полимеразной цепной реакции в лучшем случае способны выявить штаммовую группу, но не конкретный рекомбинантный вариант. Фактически, только высокопроизводительное секвенирование транскриптомов зараженных растений позволяет определить последовательности вирусных геномов и описать рекомбинантные варианты. Однако использование такого подхода ограничивается относительно высокой стоимостью анализа одного образца, что не позволяет изучать большие выборки растений.</p> <p>Цель — разработать подход для более массового изучения штаммового разнообразия вируса Y картофеля.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Из образцов листьев картофеля была выделена тотальная РНК и синтезирована кДНКс помощью различных обратных транскриптаз. Амплификация генома PVY проводилась с несколькими различными ДНК-полимеразами. Полученные ампликоны использовали для приготовления библиотек, которые секвенировались на приборе MinION. Прочтения картировали на референс и проводили SNP-сalling для выявления разных изолятов PVY.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Оценена возможность использования различных обратных транскриптаз и ДНК-полимераз для амплификации фрагмента генома PVY размером 9 кб для последующего секвенирования. Среди исследованной выборки обнаружено 10 изолятов, относящихся к пяти разным рекомбинантам, три из которых относятся к известным и распространенным вариантам, а два выявленных рекомбинантных варианта ранее не были описаны. Один, N-Wi(s), похож на N-Wi, но точка рекомбинации в гене белка Hc-Pro смещена в 5'-сторону и совпадает со штаммом NO-short. Второй, SYR-IIa, похож на штамм SYR-II, однако точка рекомбинации в гене NIb смещена примерно на 50 нуклеотидов в 5'-конец.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Разнообразие рекомбинантных вариантов PVY является недооцененным, так как даже в небольшой исследованной выборке было обнаружено два новых варианта. Разработанный протокол позволяет проводить исследования штаммового разнообразия вируса Y картофеля. Преимущества подхода состоят в том, что одно прочтение вмещает весь геном, что позволяет однозначно идентифицировать рекомбинантный вариант, а его невысокая себестоимость позволяет увеличивать выборки при анализе биоразнообразия.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>PVY</kwd><kwd>Solanum tuberosum</kwd><kwd>recombinant genomes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>PVY</kwd><kwd>Solanum tuberosum</kwd><kwd>рекомбинантный геном</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation grant</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-76-01066</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Quenouille J, Vassilakos N, Moury B. 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