Ecological geneticsEcological geneticsЭкологическая генетика1811-09322411-9202Eco-Vector68687710.17816/ecogen686877FKLVQXMethodology in ecological geneticsМетодология экологической генетикиReview ArticleGenetic control and molecular markers of sugar beet resistance to pathogensГенетический контроль и молекулярные маркеры устойчивости сахарной свеклы к патогенамhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3023-767X1728-0676SmirnovaOlga G.СмирноваОльга Григорьевна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

канд. биол. наук

planta@bionet.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0336-8324KhakimovMukhammadali B.ХакимовМухаммадали Бахтиёр
Russian Federation
ali941220@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8590-847X5782-4546SalinaElena A.СалинаЕлена Артемовна
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences

д-р биол. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН

salina@bionet.nsc.ruInstitute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукNovosibirsk State UniversityНовосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет04092025151220252332772860707202504092025Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор2025Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07https://journals.eco-vector.com/ecolgenet/article/view/686877

Sugar beet is the only crop used for industrial sugar production in countries with temperate climates. Creation of varieties resistant to viral, bacterial, fungal infections and nematodes allows maintaining the yield and quality of root crops. Modern selection is based on knowledge of the genetics of target traits and the use of methods of their molecular marking. This approach speeds up selection work several times due to the possibility of quickly assessing the source material and hybrid offspring. The review provides current information on the genetic control of resistance to rhizomania, root rot, rhizoctonia, fusarium, nematodes, powdery mildew, cercospora leaf spot, bacterial leaf spot and on molecular markers associated with resistance to pathogens. Data from a genome-wide association study to identify single nucleotide substitutions in resistance-associated genes are presented. The interaction of genes located in different chromosomes of sugar beet, leading to an increase in the defense response during rhizomania, is described. The presented information on the genetics of disease resistance and on molecular markers is important for sugar beet selection.

Сахарная свекла — единственная культура, которую используют для промышленного производства сахара в странах с умеренным климатом. Создание сортов, устойчивых к вирусным, бактериальным, грибным инфекциям и нематодам, позволяет сохранять урожайность и качество корнеплодов. Современная селекция базируется на знании генетики целевых признаков и использовании методов их молекулярного маркирования. Такой подход в несколько раз ускоряет селекционные работы за счет возможности быстрой оценки исходного материала и гибридного потомства. В обзоре приведена современная информация о генетическом контроле устойчивости сахарной свеклы к ризомании, корневой гнили, ризоктониозу, фузариозу, нематодам, мучнистой росе, церкоспорозу бактериальной пятнистости листьев и о молекулярных маркерах, которые могут быть использованы для идентификации устойчивых генотипов. Приведены данные о полногеномном исследовании ассоциаций для идентификации однонуклеотидных замен в генах, связанных с устойчивостью к перечисленным заболеваниям. Описано взаимодействие генов, расположенных в разных хромосомах сахарной свеклы, приводящее к усилению защитного ответа при ризомании. Представленная информация о генетике устойчивости к заболеваниям и о молекулярных маркерах важна для направленной селекции сахарной свеклы.

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